Decitabine/cedazuridine

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Decitabine/cedazuridine
Decitabine.svg Cedazuridine.svg
Combination of
Decitabine Nucleoside metabolic inhibitor
Cedazuridine Cytidine deaminase inhibitor
Clinical data
Trade names Inqovi, Inaqovi
Other namesASTX727, C-DEC
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a620050
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU:X (High risk) [1]
  • Not recommended
Routes of
administration 		By mouth
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
KEGG

Decitabine/cedazuridine, sold under the brand name Inqovi among others, is a fixed-dose combination anticancer medication used for the treatment of adults with myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). [7] [8] [9] It is a combination of decitabine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, and cedazuridine, a cytidine deaminase inhibitor. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

Contents

The most common side effects of decitabine/cedazuridine include fatigue, constipation, hemorrhage, muscle pain (myalgia), mucositis (mouth sores), arthralgia (joint pain), nausea, dyspnea, diarrhea, rash, dizziness, fever with low white blood cell count (febrile neutropenia), edema, headache, cough, decreased appetite, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, and transaminase increased. [7] [5] The combination can cause fetal harm. [7] [5] [12] It is taken by mouth. [5]

Decitabine/cedazuridine was approved for medical use in the United States and Canada in July 2020, [7] [8] [9] [12] and in the European Union in September 2023. [6]

Medical uses

Decitabine/cedazuridine is indicated for treatment of adults with myelodysplastic syndromes, including previously treated and untreated, de novo and secondary myelodysplastic syndromes with the following French American-British subtypes (refractory anemia, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia) and intermediate-1, intermediate-2, and high-risk International Prognostic Scoring System groups. [7] [8] [5]

Myelodysplastic syndromes is a type of blood cancer in which blood cells in the bone marrow are defective leading to a low number of one or more types of blood cells. [12]

History

Decitabine/cedazuridine was approved for medical use in the United States and Canada in July 2020, [7] [8] [9] [12] and in the European Union in September 2023. [6]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application of decitabine combined with cedazuridine priority review and orphan drug designation. [7] [13] The orphan drug designation was granted in August 2019 for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia). [13] [14]

Decitabine combined with cedazuridine was investigated in two open-label, randomized, crossover trials. [8] Trial ASTX727-01-B (NCT02103478) included 80 adult participants with myelodysplastic syndromes (International Prognostic Scoring System [IPSS] Intermediate-1, Intermediate-2, or high-risk) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and trial ASTX727-02 (NCT03306264) included 133 adult participants with myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, including all French-American-British classification criteria and IPSS Intermediate-1, Intermediate-2, or high-risk prognostic scores. [8] The trials were conducted at 51 sites in the United States and Canada. [12]

In both trials, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive decitabine combined with cedazuridine (35 mg decitabine and 100 mg cedazuridine) by mouth in cycle 1 and decitabine 20 mg/m2 intravenously in cycle 2 or the reverse sequence. [8] Both decitabine combined with cedazuridine and intravenous decitabine were administered once daily on days 1 through 5 of a 28-day cycle. [8] Starting with cycle 3, all participants received decitabine combined with cedazuridine by mouth once daily on days 1 through 5 of each 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. [8] Both trials provided comparison of exposure and safety in the first two cycles between oral decitabine combined with cedazuridine and intravenous decitabine and description of disease response with decitabine combined with cedazuridine. [8] Comparison of disease response between the decitabine combined with cedazuridine and intravenous decitabine was not possible because all participants received decitabine combined with cedazuridine starting from Cycle 3. [8]

The FDA approval of decitabine combined with cedazuridine was based on clinical trial results which showed similar drug concentrations between intravenous decitabine and decitabine combined with cedazuridine. [7] [8] Additionally, about half of the participants who were formerly dependent on transfusions were able to no longer require transfusions during an 8-week period. [7] The safety profile of decitabine combined with cedazuridine was also similar to intravenous decitabine. [7] The FDA granted the approval of Inqovi to Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a subsidiary of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Myelodysplastic syndrome</span> Diverse collection of blood-related cancers

A myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is one of a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature, and as a result, do not develop into healthy blood cells. Early on, no symptoms typically are seen. Later, symptoms may include fatigue, shortness of breath, bleeding disorders, anemia, or frequent infections. Some types may develop into acute myeloid leukemia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lenalidomide</span> Pair of enantiomers

Lenalidomide, sold under the brand name Revlimid among others, is a medication used to treat multiple myeloma, smoldering myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). For multiple myeloma, it is used after at least one other treatment and generally with dexamethasone. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azacitidine</span> Chemical compound

Azacitidine, sold under the brand name Vidaza among others, is a medication used for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloid leukemia, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. It is a chemical analog of cytidine, a nucleoside in DNA and RNA. Azacitidine and its deoxy derivative, decitabine were first synthesized in Czechoslovakia as potential chemotherapeutic agents for cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dasatinib</span> Chemical compound

Dasatinib, sold under the brand name Sprycel among others, is a targeted therapy medication used to treat certain cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Specifically it is used to treat cases that are Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+). It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vion Pharmaceuticals</span>

Vion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was a New Haven, Connecticut based pharmaceutical company founded in March 1992 to commercialize several discoveries made in the biomedical laboratories at Yale University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tipifarnib</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia</span> Medical condition

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a type of leukemia, which are cancers of the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. In adults, blood cells are formed in the bone marrow, by a process that is known as haematopoiesis. In CMML, there are increased numbers of monocytes and immature blood cells (blasts) in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, as well as abnormal looking cells (dysplasia) in at least one type of blood cell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Decitabine</span> Medication for the treatment of conditions where certain blood cells are dysfunctional,

Decitabine, sold under the brand name Dacogen among others, acts as a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor. It is a medication for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes, a class of conditions where certain blood cells are dysfunctional, and for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Chemically, it is a cytidine analog.

Demethylating agents are chemical substances that can inhibit methylation, resulting in the expression of the previously hypermethylated silenced genes. Cytidine analogs such as 5-azacytidine (azacitidine) and 5-azadeoxycytidine (decitabine) are the most commonly used demethylating agents. They work by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases. Both compounds have been approved in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in United States. Azacitidine and decitabine are marketed as Vidaza and Dacogen respectively. Azacitidine is the first drug to be approved by FDA for treating MDS and has been given orphan drug status. Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells. There are many other demethylating agents that can be used to inhibit the growth of other diseases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sapacitabine</span> Chemical compound

Sapacitabine is a chemotherapeutic drug developed by US biotechnology firm Cyclacel currently undergoing clinical trials against leukemia.

A hypomethylating agent is a drug that inhibits DNA methylation: the modification of DNA nucleotides by addition of a methyl group. Because DNA methylation affects cellular function through successive generations of cells without changing the underlying DNA sequence, treatment with a hypomethylating agent is considered a type of epigenetic therapy.

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Omacetaxine mepesuccinate, formerly named as homoharringtonine or HHT, is a pharmaceutical drug substance that is indicated for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

A Janus kinase inhibitor, also known as JAK inhibitor or jakinib, is a type of immune modulating medication, which inhibits the activity of one or more of the Janus kinase family of enzymes, thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in lymphocytes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Midostaurin</span> Chemical compound

Midostaurin, sold under the brand name Rydapt & Tauritmo both by Novartis, is a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor that has been investigated for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and advanced systemic mastocytosis. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of staurosporine, an alkaloid from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus.

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Glasdegib, sold under the brand name Daurismo, is a medication for the treatment of newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults older than 75 years or those who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. It is taken by mouth and is used in combination with low-dose cytarabine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Devimistat</span> Chemical compound

Devimistat is an experimental anti-mitochondrial drug being developed by Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals. It is being studied for the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zanubrutinib</span> Chemical compound

Zanubrutinib, sold under the brand name Brukinsa, is an anticancer medication used for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Zanubrutinib is classified as a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. It is given by mouth.

References

  1. ↑ "Australian Public Assessment Report for Decitabine and cedazuridine" (PDF). Therapeutic Goods Administration. The Australian Government. January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  2. ↑ Otsuka Australia Pharmaceutical Pty Ltd (22 September 2020). "Australian Product Information – Inqovi 35/100 (Decitabine and Cedazuridine ) Tablets" (PDF). Therapeutic Goods Administration. The Australian Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  3. ↑ "Public Record: INQOVI 35/100 decitabine 35 mg and cedazuridine 100 mg tablet bottle". Therapeutic Goods Administration. The Australian Government. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  4. ↑ "Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) for Inqovi". Health Canada. 23 October 2014. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Inqovi (decitabine and cedazuridine) tablets, for oral use" (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 "Inaqovi Product information". Union Register of medicinal products. 18 September 2023. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "FDA Approves New Therapy for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) That Can Be Taken at Home". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2020.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "FDA approves oral combination of decitabine and cedazuridine for myelodysplastic syndromes". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2020.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Astex Pharmaceuticals, Taiho Oncology, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical announce FDA and Health Canada approval of Inqovi (decitabine and cedazuridine) tablets, oral hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy for intermediate and high-risk MDS and CMML". Taiho Pharmaceutical Group (Press release). 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  10. ↑ Dhillon S (September 2020). "Decitabine/Cedazuridine: First Approval". Drugs. 80 (13): 1373–1378. doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01389-7. PMC   7708383 . PMID   32860582.
  11. ↑ Thota S, Oganesian A, Azab M, Griffiths EA (June 2021). "Role of cedazuridine/decitabine in the management of myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia". Future Oncology. London, England. 17 (16): 2077–2087. doi: 10.2217/fon-2020-1210 . PMID   33709786. S2CID   232206560.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "Drug Trials Snapshots: Inqovi". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  13. 1 2 "Inqovi Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 21 August 2019. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2020.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  14. ↑ "Astex Pharmaceuticals announces U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptance for review of an NDA for the combination oral hypomethylating agent cedazuridine and decitabine (ASTX727 or oral C-DEC), for the treatment of MDS and CMML". Astex (Press release). 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
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