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Social justice educational leadership emphasizes the belief that all students can and will reach proficiency, without exceptions or excuses, and that schools ought to be organized to advance the equitable learning of all students. Rather than focusing on one group of students who traditionally struggle, or who traditionally succeed, social justice leaders address the learning needs of all students. Social justice educational leadership specifically addresses how differences in race, income, language, ability, gender, and sexual orientation influence the design and effectiveness of learning environments. Social justice leadership draws from inclusive education practices from disability education, but extends the concepts further to support students from diverse groups with a wide range of needs. Through restructuring staff allocation and assessing student progress through disaggregated data, school leaders strive to create schools with equal access and equitable support for all students.
Corporal punishment, sometimes referred to as "physical punishment" or "physical discipline", has been defined as the use of physical force, no matter how light, to cause deliberate bodily pain or discomfort in response to undesired behavior. In schools in the United States, corporal punishment takes the form of a school teacher or administrator striking a student's buttocks with a wooden paddle.
References
- ↑ Rosen, Louis (2005-02-01). School Discipline: Best Practices for Administrators. Corwin Press. ISBN 978-1-4833-6139-0.
- ↑ Rosen, Louis (2005). School Discipline: Best Practices for Administrators, Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. p. 38. ISBN 1412913489.
- ↑ "The Demise of the Demerit". Archived from the original on 2020-06-14. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
- ↑ "Riverdale School District - Demerit System". Archived from the original on 2019-10-10. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
- ↑ Deakin, Jo; Taylor, Emmeline; Kupchik, Aaron (2018). The Palgrave International Handbook of School Discipline, Surveillance, and Social Control. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 179. ISBN 9783319715582.
- ↑ "School's Demerit System May be Expelled * Panel in Northampton Says Simpler Method Needed to Make Punishment Fit 'Crime.'". 12 February 1997.
- ↑ Louis Rosen. School Discipline: Best Practices for Administrators.
- ↑ Rotberg, Iris C.; Glazer, Joshua L. (2018). Choosing Charters: Better Schools or More Segregation?. New York: Teachers College Press. p. 74. ISBN 9780807759004.
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