An odds ratio (OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B. The odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the odds of A in the presence of B and the odds of A in the absence of B, or equivalently, the ratio of the odds of B in the presence of A and the odds of B in the absence of A. Two events are independent if and only if the OR equals 1: the odds of one event are the same in either the presence or absence of the other event. If the OR is greater than 1, then A and B are associated (correlated) in the sense that, compared to the absence of B, the presence of B raises the odds of A, and symmetrically the presence of A raises the odds of B. Conversely, if the OR is less than 1, then A and B are negatively correlated, and the presence of one event reduces the odds of the other event. The OR plays an important role in the logistic model, which generalizes beyond two events.
In geology, the places known as hotspots or hot spots are volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Their position on the Earth's surface is independent of tectonic plate boundaries. There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain their origins. One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. The other hypothesis is that lithospheric extension permits the passive rising of melt from shallow depths. This hypothesis considers the term "hotspot" to be a misnomer, asserting that the mantle source beneath them is, in fact, not anomalously hot at all. Well-known examples include the Hawaii, Iceland and Yellowstone hotspots.
Notonectidae is a cosmopolitan family of aquatic insects in the order Hemiptera, commonly called backswimmers because they swim upside down. They are all predators and typically range from 0.5 to 1.5 cm (0.2–0.6 in) in length. They are similar in appearance to Corixidae, but can be separated by differences in their dorsal-ventral coloration, front legs, and predatory behavior. Their dorsum is convex, lightly colored without cross striations. Their front tarsi are not scoop-shaped and their hind legs are fringed for swimming. There are about 350 species in two subfamilies: Notonectinae with seven genera, and Anisopinae with four genera. Members in the former subfamily are often larger than those in the latter.
The Lycoming O-320 is a large family of 92 different naturally aspirated, air-cooled, four-cylinder, direct-drive engines commonly used on light aircraft such as the Cessna 172 and Piper Cherokee. Different variants are rated for 150 or 160 horsepower. As implied by the engine's name, its cylinders are arranged in horizontally opposed configuration and a displacement of 320 cubic inches (5.24 L).
Cloo was an American digital cable television channel with programming originally dedicated to the crime and mystery genres, though it often fell out of this format in its later years with a more generic selection of series and films, and was used as an example of channel drift and superfluous channel bundling, presenting series easily found through other venues. The network was owned and operated by NBCUniversal.
Baingoin County is a county within Nagqu of the Tibet Autonomous Region.
Dorsum Heim is a wrinkle ridge at 32.0°N 29.8°W in Mare Imbrium on the Moon. It is 148 km long and was named after Swiss geologist Albert Heim in 1976.
Dorsum Bucher is a wrinkle ridge at 31.0°N 39.0°W in the border region between Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Imbrium on the Moon. The name of the feature was approved by the IAU in 1976. It is approximately 85 km long, extending from the vicinity of Gruithuisen crater to the area west of Delisle crater. The south end of the dorsum is a low hill of terra material that predates the mare lava.
Dorsum Cushman is a wrinkle ridge at 1.0°N 49.0°E in Mare Fecunditatis on the Moon. It is 86 km long and was named after American micropaleontologist Joseph Augustine Cushman in 1976.
Dorsum Gast is a wrinkle ridge at 24.0°N 9.0°E in Mare Serenitatis on the Moon. It is 65 km long and was named after American geochemist and geologist Paul Werner Gast in 1973.
Dorsum Higazy is a wrinkle ridge at 28.0°N 17.0°W in Mare Imbrium on the Moon. It is 63 km long and was named after Egyptian geologist Riad Higazy in 1976.
Dorsum Nicol is a wrinkle ridge on the Moon at 18.0°N 23.0°E in Mare Serenitatis near the border of Mare Tranquilitatis. It is 44 km long and was named after Scottish physicist William Nicol in 1976.
Dorsum Niggli is a wrinkle ridge at 29.0°N 52.0°W in Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon. It is 50 km long and was named after Paul Niggli in 1976.
Dorsum Owen is a wrinkle ridge at 25.0°N 11.0°E in Mare Serenitatis on the Moon. It is 33 km long and was named after British geologist George Owen of Henllys in 1976.
Dorsum Termier is a wrinkle ridge at 11.0°N 58.0°E in Mare Crisium on the Moon. It is 90 km long. It was named after French geologist Pierre-Marie Termier in 1976.
Răcăciuni is a commune in Bacău County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Ciucani, Fundu Răcăciuni, Gheorghe Doja, Gâșteni, Răcăciuni and Răstoaca.
Khoma Gewog is a gewog of Lhuntse District, Bhutan.
Four Gums is an unincorporated community in St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States.
The 2015 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was a below-average tropical cyclone season which featured the highest number of deaths since the 2010 season. Despite inactivity in the Bay of Bengal caused by the ongoing El Niño, the season produced an above-average number of tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea. The first storm of the season, Ashobaa, formed on 7 June, while the final storm of the season, Megh, ultimately dissipated on 10 November.
