Ecce Homo (statue)

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Munkácsy-Ecce homo

Ecce Homo is a statue of Jesus during his trial after being imprisoned by the Romans. The statue's title, Ecce Homo, is an allusion to the famous proclamation by Pontius Pilate, "behold the Man." The statue, made entirely of carved wood, depicts Jesus in a horrific state of suffering and anguish. Although its creator remains anonymous, Ecce Homo is believed to have been carved in Spain sometime around the year 1600 AD.

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Like many forms of Baroque era art, the focus of this piece comes in the form of an emotional connection with Christ. In the Summer 2010 issue of the Loyola University Magazine, Jonathan Canning explains the artistic technique used by the creator to convey this emotion, "His [Christ’s] skin has been painted to reveal bruising and welts beneath the skin, while small, red glass beads have been set into the sculpture’s open wounds to suggest flowing blood." [1] Additionally, Christ's face has been carved so that he is looking down, with an expression that depict complete misery. It is believed that the artist's aim was to trigger a sympathetic response with the viewer. [2] The pathos attributed to this piece may have been intended to serve as a form of worship in which Christians create an emotional connection with Christ.

Biblical context

Ecce Homo is an allusion to Christ's trial under Pontius Pilate. The phrase "Ecce Homo" translate to "behold the Man," which is used to ridicule Jesus' claim of divinity. In a similar sense, the red cape and crown of thorns satirizes Jesus' royal claim to Israel.

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Ecce Homo can be found at Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois Gerald Farinas Rogers Park Loyola University Chicago.jpg
Ecce Homo can be found at Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois

Ecce Homo was donated to the Loyola University Museum of Art by a private collector named Janet Relos (1916-1981). Currently, the statue is part of the museum's Martin D'Arcy, S.J. Collection of Baroque Art. Although Loyola University is a Jesuit institution, the D'Arcy collection contains secular pieces in addition to its Christian collections.

Loyola University Museum of Art

Since its opening in 2005, The Loyola University Museum of Art's (LUMA) mission has been to "explore and promote the spiritual in art of all faiths and cultures." [3] LUMA has two permanent collections: The Martin D’Arcy, S.J. Collection of Baroque Art and The Luma Collection for art beyond D'Arcy pieces. LUMA provides education resources to both students and the public that aim to promote the discovery and awareness of art in different faiths. [4] The Museum does not accept unsolicited donations and does not typically make appointments to review pieces. [5]

History

Possible connection to the Council of Trent

If one accepts Loyola University's estimate for this piece's time of creation, then Ecce Homo is contemporary with the Council of Trent. In response to the Protestant Reformation the Catholic Church made many amendments to Church policy. In addition to trying to stamp out Protestantism through claims of heresy, the council also implemented new mandates in regards to artistic depictions of Christ; when shown in his final days, Christ was only allowed to be depicted as suffering. [6] By assuming that Ecce Homo was created within the artistic jurisdiction of the Council of Trent, one can infer that the creator was a devout Christian, and that this piece was created with religious, and not secular, intent. [7]

Further reading

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pontius Pilate</span> Roman governor of Judaea and condemner of Jesus

Pontius Pilate was the fifth governor of the Roman province of Judaea, serving under Emperor Tiberius from 26/27 to 36/37 AD. He is best known for being the official who presided over the trial of Jesus and ultimately ordered his crucifixion. Pilate's importance in modern Christianity is underscored by his prominent place in both the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds. Due to the Gospels' portrayal of Pilate as reluctant to execute Jesus, the Ethiopian Church believes that Pilate became a Christian and venerates him as both a martyr and a saint, a belief which is historically shared by the Coptic Church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loyola University Museum of Art</span> Art museum in Chicago, Illinois

The Loyola University Museum of Art (LUMA), which opened in the fall of 2005, is unique among Chicago's many museums for mounting exhibits that explore the spiritual in art from all cultures, faiths, and eras. LUMA is located on Loyola University Chicago's Water Tower Campus in downtown Chicago, at 820 North Michigan Ave.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church of the Gesù</span> Church in Rome, Italy

The Church of the Gesù is the mother church of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), a Catholic religious order. Officially named Chiesa del Santissimo Nome di Gesù all'Argentina, its facade is "the first truly baroque façade", introducing the baroque style into architecture. The church served as a model for innumerable Jesuit churches all over the world, especially in the Americas. Its paintings in the nave, crossing, and side chapels became models for Jesuit churches throughout Italy and Europe, as well as those of other orders. The Church of the Gesù is located in the Piazza del Gesù in Rome.

<i>Ecce homo</i> Latin words used by Pontius Pilate when he presents Jesus Christ to the people (John 19:5)

Ecce homo are the Latin words used by Pontius Pilate in the Vulgate translation of the Gospel of John, when he presents a scourged Jesus, bound and crowned with thorns, to a hostile crowd shortly before his Crucifixion. The original New Testament Greek: "ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπος", romanized: "idoù ho ánthropos", is rendered by most English Bible translations, e.g. Douay-Rheims Bible and King James Version, as "behold the man". The scene has been widely depicted in Christian art.

"Ecce homo", is a phrase traditionally attributed to Pontius Pilate at the trial of Jesus.

<i>Ecce Homo</i> (Caravaggio) Painting by Caravaggio

Ecce Homo is a painting by the Italian Baroque master Caravaggio. It is housed in the Palazzo Bianco, Genoa. Contemporary accounts claim the piece was part of a unannounced competition between three artists, and that the Caravaggio version was eventually sent to Spain.

<i>Ecce Homo</i> (Bosch, 1470s) Painting by Hieronymus Bosch in the collection of the Städel museum

Ecce Homo is a painting of the episode in the Passion of Jesus by the Early Netherlandish painter Hieronymus Bosch, painted between 1475 – 1485. The original version, with a provenance in collections in Ghent, is in the Städel Museum in Frankfurt; a copy is held the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The painting takes its title from the Latin words Ecce Homo, "Behold the Man" spoken by the Roman Prefect Pontius Pilate when Jesus is paraded before a baying, angry mob in Jerusalem before he is sentenced to be crucified.

<i>Ecce Homo</i> (Bosch, 1510s) Painting by a follower of Hieronymus Bosch

Ecce Homo is a painting by a follower of the Netherlandish painter Hieronymus Bosch. It depicts the presentation of Jesus Christ by Pontius Pilate to the throngs of Jerusalem. This painting is at the Indianapolis Museum of Art in Indianapolis, Indiana; it is closely similar to one at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

Ecce is the Latin word meaning behold. It occurs in the following phrases:

<i>Ecce Homo</i> (Martínez and Giménez) Fresco by Elías García Martínez

The Ecce Homo in the Sanctuary of Mercy church in Borja, Spain, is a fresco painted circa 1930 by the Spanish painter Elías García Martínez depicting Jesus crowned with thorns. Both the subject and style are typical of traditional Catholic art.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maître de Chaource</span> French sculptor

The Maître de Chaource was an unidentified sculptor who worked in the late 15th and early 16th century, in the French town of Chaource. While many works are attributed anonymously to him or his atelier, some scholars have identified Jacques Bachot as the artist. There is certainly circumstantial evidence which points to Bachot; he was a contemporary of the Maître de Chaource and often worked in the same locations and works by Bachot such as that in the church of Saint-Laurent in Joinville, of which fragments are held in the Joinville Town Hall, show great similarities to the work of the Maître de Chaource.

The Calvary of Plougastel-Daoulas in the arrondissement of Brest comprises a raised octagonal pedestal made from the yellow granite of Logonna-Dāaoulas, flanked by four thick arched buttresses. All the sculptural work is by the Maître de Plougastel except the horseman on the left of the crucifix which is by Millet. It is a listed historical monument since 1889.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calvary at Pleyben</span>

The Calvary at Pleyben, dating from 1555, is located in the village of Pleyben in Brittany, northwestern France.

The Calvary at Saint-Thégonnec is part of the enclosure of the parish church of Notre-Dame in Saint-Thégonnec. Erected in 1610 it is the last of the monumental calvaries of Brittany. See also Saint-Thégonnec Parish close.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plourin-lès-Morlaix Parish close</span>

The Plourin-lès-Morlaix Parish close is located at Plourin-lès-Morlaix in the arrondissement of Morlaix in Brittany in north-western France. The Enclos paroissial comprises the Notre-Dame church, a cemetery, ossuary and retaining wall. The church is a listed historical monument since 1932.

<i>Christ Presented to the People</i> Etching by Rembrandt

Christ Presented to the People, also known as Ostentatio Christi or Ecce Homo, is a drypoint print by Rembrandt van Rijn which exists in eight states, all c.1655. It is one of the two largest prints made by Rembrandt, about 15 by 18 inches, similar to his 1653 engraving of The Three Crosses. It has been described by Christie's as "at the summit of the western printmaking tradition".

<i>Christ Presented to the People</i> (Il Sodoma)

Christ Presented to the People is a mid 16th century painting by Giovanni Antonio Bazzi, an Italian artist commonly known as Il Sodoma. Done in oil on canvas, the work depicts the biblical scene in which Jesus Christ is presented to the people by Pontius Pilate with the phrase "Ecce homo". The painting is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

<i>Ecce Homo</i> (Daumier) Painting by Honoré Daumier

Ecce Homo is an unfinished oil-on-canvas painting by the French painter and caricaturist Honoré Daumier, created in 1850. It is in the collection of the Museum Folkwang in Essen, Germany.

<i>Ecce Homo</i> (Correggio) c. 1526 painting by Correggio

Ecce Homo, also known as Christ Presented to the People, is an oil painting by Antonio da Correggio. It is the last of the surviving pictures of the Passion of Jesus that Correggio executed during the 1520s. The painting is in the National Gallery, London.

<i>Ecce Homo</i> (Titian, Vienna) 1543 painting by Titian

The Ecce Homo is a large oil painting by Titian, signed and dated 1543, which hangs in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It is not to be confused with several smaller compositions by Titian.

References

  1. "Loyola University Summer 2010". content.yudu.com. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
  2. "Ecce Homo: Loyola University Chicago". Loyola University Chicago - LUMA. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
  3. "Collections: Loyola University Chicago". Loyola University Chicago - LUMA. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
  4. "Events and Education: Loyola University Chicago". Loyola University Chicago - LUMA. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
  5. "Art Submission Policy: Loyola University Chicago". Loyola University Chicago - LUMA. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
  6. Noreen, Kirsten (Autumn 1998). "Ecclesiae militantis triumphi: Jesuit Iconography and the Counter- Reformation". The 16th Century Journal. 29.
  7. "Ecce Homo: Loyola University Chicago". Loyola University Chicago - LUMA. Retrieved 2016-02-29.