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Philosophische Studien was the first journal of experimental psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt in 1881. The first volume was published in 1883; the last, the 18th, in 1903. Wundt then founded a similar volume entitled Psychologische Studien, with volumes from 1905 to 1917.
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Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint is an 1874 book by the Austrian philosopher Franz Brentano, in which the author argues that the goal of psychology should be to establish exact laws. Brentano's best known book, it established his reputation as a philosopher, helped to establish psychology as a scientific discipline, and influenced Husserlian phenomenology, analytic philosophy, gestalt psychology, and the philosopher Alexius Meinong's theory of objects. It has been called Brentano's best known work and has been compared to the physician Wilhelm Wundt's Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie and the Project for a Scientific Psychology of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis.
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Versuch einer Metaphysik der inneren Natur is a book written by German author Heinrich Schmid (1799–1836). It was published by Brockhaus Leipzig in 1834. In this book, Schmid attempts to develop a metaphysical account of humans' inner nature, the soul, in terms of general laws. These laws, Schmid proposes, should be based on empirically gathered knowledge about inner nature. He argues, that with the formulation of such laws, psychology, the science of the human soul, should become a natural science like physics. Schmid's ideas build heavily on the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, for which he was criticized. He belonged to the philosophical school surrounding Jakob Friedrich Fries, whose ideas are associated with Neo-Kantianism. Schmid's theories, especially concerning memory, were adopted by Sir William Hamilton, whose philosophy was discussed by John Stuart Mill at the end of the 19th century. Wilhelm Wundt and his contemporaries still used methods similar to Schmid's structured introspection once psychology was founded as an independent discipline in 1879.
German: Lehrbuch der Psychopathologischen Untersuchungs-Methoden is a book written by German psychiatrist Robert Sommer (1864-1937), first published in 1899 by Urban & Schwarzenberg. In its 388 pages, Sommer presents a framework of ideas delving into the core of psychopathological symptoms, employing new analytical techniques and psychophysiological experiments.
References
- Wilhelm Wundt (1897), Outlines of Psychology ( Grundriss der Psychologie ).
- E. B. Titchener, "Brentano and Wundt: Empirical and Experimental Psychology", The American Journal of Psychology, 32(1) (Jan. 1921), pp. 108–120.
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