The Eritrean Democratic Working People's Party, more commonly referred to as the Labour Party, was a clandestine political party in Eritrea. The party existed between 1968 and 1982, constituting the core of the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF).
The party was founded by Marxists inside the ELF in November 1968. [1] [2] Amongst the founders were key ELF ideologues like Azein Yassin and Saleh Iyay. [1] The goal of the party was the creation of an independent, socialist Eritrean state. [2] It adhered to the Soviet-inspired 'Non-Capitalist Path of Development'. [3] ELF leaders who were members of the party included Ahmed Nasser Mohammed, Abdellah Idris and Herui Tedla. [4]
The party negotiated with the Eritrean People's Revolutionary Party about a merger of the ELF and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, but these talks resulted fruitless. [5]
The party was dissolved in 1982. [6] Several key personalities of the party joined either the ELF faction of Abdellah Idris, or the ELF-Revolutionary Council. [6] Another group, known as Sagem, joined the Eritrean People's Liberation Front in 1987 after the latter's second congress.
The People's Front for Democracy and Justice is the founding, ruling, and sole legal political party of the State of Eritrea. The successor to the Marxist–Leninist Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), the PFDJ regards itself as a left-wing nationalist party, though it holds itself open to nationalists of any political affiliation. The leader of the PFDJ party and current President of Eritrea is Isaias Afwerki. It has been described as totalitarian.
The flag of Eritrea is the national flag of Eritrea. It was adopted on 5th December, 1995. The flag combines the basic layout and colors from the flag of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front with an emblem of a wreath and an upright olive-branch derived from the Eritrean flag from 1952 to 1962.
"Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea" is the national anthem of Eritrea. Adopted in 1993 shortly after independence, it was written by Solomon Tsehaye Beraki and composed by Isaac Abraham Meharezghi and Aron Tekle Tesfatsion.
The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), colloquially known as Shabia, was an armed Marxist–Leninist organization that fought for the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia. It emerged in 1970 as a far-left to left-wing nationalist group that split from the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). After achieving Eritrean independence in 1991, it transformed into the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), which serves as Eritrea's sole legal political party.
The Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), informally known as Jebha, was the main independence movement in Eritrea which sought Eritrea's independence from Ethiopia during the 1960s and the early 1970s. It was established in 1960 after Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie violated a 1952 UN resolution that guaranteed Eritrea the right to an autonomous government. Idris Muhammad Adam and other Eritrean intellectuals founded the ELF as a primary Pan Arab movement in Cairo, but the first attack was led by Hamid Idris Awate in 1961. Over the course of the 1960s, the ELF was able to obtain support from Arab countries such as Egypt and Sudan. However, tensions between Muslims and Christians in the ELF along with the failure of the ELF to ward off Ethiopia's 1967–1968 counter offensive internally fractured the ELF, causing it to split. By the mid 1970s, the ELF and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), an ideologically Maoist liberation movement, were the key liberation movements in Eritrea. The EPLF ultimately overtook the ELF as the primary Eritrean independence movement by 1977, and the ELF was subsequently defeated in 1981.
The Eritrean War of Independence was a war for independence which Eritrean independence fighters waged against successive Ethiopian governments from 1 September 1961 to 24 May 1991.
FATULS, the Federation of Arab Trade Unions and Labor Societies was an Arab trade union organization formed in 1942 in Mandatory Palestine by Marxist activists led by Bulus Farah, who split away from the Palestine Arab Workers Society in 1942. By the end of that year it had recruited around 1,500 members, including workers in the Haifa area petroleum sector, Haifa port, and the British military camp.
The Palestine Communist Party was a political party in the British Mandate of Palestine formed in 1923 through the merger of the Palestinian Communist Party and the Communist Party of Palestine. In 1924 the party was recognized as the Palestinian section of the Communist International. In its early years, the party was predominantly Jewish, but held an anti-Zionist position.
The Beni-Amer, also known as Beni-Amir, are a population inhabiting northeast Africa. They are considered by some to comprise a subgroup of the Beja people. They live in Sudan and Eritrea. They are mostly Muslim and constitute the largest tribal confederation in Eritrea.
Mahmoud Ahmed Sherifo, commonly known simply as Sherifo, is an Eritrean politician. He joined the Eritrean Liberation Front in 1967. He was an independent activist during Eritrea's war of independence from Ethiopia. Post-independence, he served in various capacities as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Local Government.
Petros Solomon is an Eritrean politician. He was an Eritrean People's Liberation Front commander during the Eritrean War of Independence, and following independence he served in several positions in the Cabinet, including Minister of Defense and Minister of Foreign Affairs. He has been in prison, held incommunicado in an undisclosed location, since September 18, 2001 for opposing the rule of Eritrean president Isaias Afewerki. Amnesty International has named him a prisoner of conscience.
Estifanos Seyoum is an Eritrean politician.
The Eritrean Civil Wars were two conflicts that were fought between competing organizations for the liberation of Eritrea.
Bereket Mengisteab is a well-known Eritrean songwriter, composer and singer and is known as the "Godfather of Eritrean music".
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, also referred to as the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath movement, is a neo-Ba'athist political party which was headquartered in Baghdad, Iraq, until 2003. It is one of two parties which emerged from the 1966 split of the original Ba'ath Party.
The Indonesian invasion of Dili occurred on 7 December 1975 when Indonesian marines and paratroopers landed in the East Timorese capital of Dili. The attack was the start of a military operation which resulted in the Indonesian occupation of East Timor.
Adi Bakel Tigrinya: ዓዲ ባዕከል, also spelled Adiba'ikel or Ādība’ikel) is a village in the Debub region and Hadegti sub-region in Eritrea.
Aliança da Conceição de Araújo is an East Timorese politician, and party leader of the Partido Timorense Democrático (PTD).
Besikdira(also cited in various publications as Besigdira, Besikdira, Besikdera, Basik Dera) is a village in the Anseba region of Eritrea. Located in north-eastern region of the country, the village is 15 km East of Eritrea, closest to the town of Keren.
Opposition to Haile Selassie relied largely of internal administration of his country. While Haile Selassie made attempt to modernize the country and brought to global power since Italy's occupation in 1936–41, the later administration met with negative public attitude especially among educated people in universities and peasants.