The Evangelical Social Congress (German: Evangelisch-Sozialer Kongress, ESK) was a social-reform movement of German evangelists founded in Whitsuntide in 1890.
Various groups were united in the Congress, although, in the end, the Congress failed to set forth a united programme of "Christian socialism" (more so because people like Friedrich Naumann and Adolf Stoecker would depart from the Congress).
The Congress never carried a large membership, and was only marginal compared to the Verein für Socialpolitik, an organization that currently still exists.
Max Maurenbrecher (1903). "The Evangelical Social Congress in Germany". American Journal of Sociology. 9 (1): 24–36. doi:10.1086/211193.
Max Maurenbrecher (1903). "The Moral and Social Tasks of World Politics ("Imperialism")". American Journal of Sociology. 6 (3): 307–315. doi:10.1086/210978.
Maximilian Karl Emil Weber was a German sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economist, who is regarded among the most important theorists on the development of modern Western society. His ideas would profoundly influence social theory and social research. Despite being recognized as one of the fathers of sociology, along with Auguste Comte and Émile Durkheim, Weber never saw himself as a sociologist, but as a historian.
Albion Woodbury Small founded the first independent Department of Sociology in the United States at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois in 1892. He was influential in the establishment of sociology as a valid field of academic study.
Robert Michels was a German-born Italian sociologist who contributed to elite theory by describing the political behavior of intellectual elites.
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt was a German biochemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his "work on sex hormones." He initially rejected the award in accordance with government policy, but accepted it in 1949 after World War II. He was President of the Max Planck Society from 1960 to 1972. He was also the first, in 1959, to discover the structure of the sex pheromone of silkworms which he named as bombykol.
Friedrich Naumann was a German liberal politician and Protestant parish pastor. The Friedrich Naumann Foundation of the Free Democratic Party is named after him. However, Naumann is also somewhat controversial as he is accused of inspiring the Nazi foreign policy and for his anti-Armenian statements.
This article aims to give a historical outline of liberalism in Germany. The liberal parties dealt with in the timeline below are, largely, those which received sufficient support at one time or another to have been represented in parliament. Not all parties so included, however, necessarily labeled themselves "liberal". The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme.
In late modern continental philosophy, neo-Kantianism was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant. More specifically, it was influenced by Arthur Schopenhauer's critique of the Kantian philosophy in his work The World as Will and Representation (1818), as well as by other post-Kantian philosophers such as Jakob Friedrich Fries and Johann Friedrich Herbart.
Adolf Stoecker was a German court chaplain to Kaiser Wilhelm I, a politician, leading antisemite, and a Lutheran theologian who founded the Christian Social Party to lure members away from the Social Democratic Workers' Party.
The Verein für Socialpolitik, or the German Economic Association, is an important society of economists in the German-speaking area.
Max Heinrich Maurenbrecher was a German publicist, pastor and politician. He served as a pastor in the Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces until 1907. From 1909 to 1916 he preached for the free religious congregations in Nuremberg and Mannheim. In 1917 he rejoined the evangelical church and became a minister in Dresden.
Friedrich Brunstäd was a German Lutheran systematic theologian and philosopher. He attempted a renewal of German idealism, from the point of view of Lutheranism.
The National-Social Association was a political party in the German Empire, founded in 1896 by Friedrich Naumann. It sought to synthesise liberalism, nationalism and non-Marxist socialism with Protestant Christian values in order to cross the ideological front lines and draw workers away from Marxist class struggle. However, it never grew beyond a minor party of intellectuals which failed to gain mass support in elections.
The Christian Social Party was a right-wing political party in the German Empire founded in 1878 by Adolf Stoecker as the Christian Social Workers' Party.
Hellmut Georg von Gerlach was a German journalist and politician.
The Kyffhäuserbund is an umbrella organization for war veterans' and reservists' associations in Germany based in Rüdesheim am Rhein. It owes its name to the Kyffhäuser Monument, a memorial built on the summit of the 473 m high Kyffhäuser mountain near Bad Frankenhausen in the state of Thuringia in central Germany.
This bibliography of Sociology is a list of works, organized by subdiscipline, on the subject of sociology. Some of the works are selected from general anthologies of sociology, while other works are selected because they are notable enough to be mentioned in a general history of sociology or one of its subdisciplines.
Gotthold Julius Rudolph Sohm was a German jurist and Church historian as well as a theologian. He published works concerning Roman and German law, Canon law and Church History.
Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Ludwig Weber was a German Protestant pastor and social reformer. He was a pastor in Mönchengladbach. He was one of the founders of the Evangelical Social Congress and was chairman of the Association of Protestant workers' associations in Germany.
The Verband der Vereine Deutscher Studenten (VVDSt), also known as the Kyffhäuserverband is an umbrella organization of 38 German fraternities called Verein Deutscher Studenten (VDSt)).
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