From 1930 to 1952, the government of the Soviet Union, ordered by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and executed by the NKVD official Lavrentiy Beria, forcibly transferred populations of various groups. These actions may be classified into the following broad categories: deportations of "anti-Soviet" categories of population, deportations of entire nationalities, labor force transfer, and organized migrations in opposite directions to fill ethnically cleansed territories. Dekulakization marked the first time that an entire class was deported, whereas the deportation of Soviet Koreans in 1937 marked the precedent of a specific ethnic deportation of an entire nationality.
"Traitor of the Motherland family members" was a term in Article 58 of the Criminal Code of RSFSR. The amended Article dealt with the criminal prosecution of wives and children of all people who were arrested and convicted as "traitors of the Motherland" in the Soviet Union during Stalinist purges of the 1930s and later. The practice of automatically convicting wives and children was a base element of the Great Purge. It introduced a new category of inmates: the family members of a person who was recognized as a "Traitor of Motherland"; some Soviet labor camps were designated specifically to this category.
Forced settlements in the Soviet Union were the result of population transfers and were performed in a series of operations organized according to social and national criteria of the deported. Resettling of entire populations by ethnicity was a method of political repression in the Soviet Union, although separate from the Gulag system of penal labor. Involuntary settlement played a role in the colonization of remote areas of the Soviet Union. This role was specifically mentioned in the first Soviet decrees about involuntary labor camps.
The Internal Troops, full name Internal Troops of the Ministry for Internal Affairs (MVD), alternatively translated as "Interior ", is a paramilitary gendarmerie-like force mostly in succession states of the Soviet Union and in other countries as well, including in Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. It is also maintained as reserve forces in the Armed Forces of Mongolia. Internal Troops are subordinated to the interior ministries of the respective countries.
Dmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev was one of the leaders of the Soviet partisan movement in western Russia and Ukraine.
The 141st Special Motorized Regiment, also known as the Kadyrovites and the Kadyrovtsy, after Akhmad-Khadzhi Kadyrov, is a paramilitary organization in Chechnya, Russia, that serves as the protection of the Head of the Chechen Republic. The term Kadyrovtsy is commonly used in Chechnya to refer to any armed, ethnically-Chechen men under the control of Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov - although nominally they are under the umbrella of the National Guard of Russia.
As a result of the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, hundreds of thousands of Polish soldiers became prisoners of war. Many of them were executed; 22,000 Polish military personnel and civilians perished in the Katyn massacre alone.
The word abrek is a North Caucasian term used for a lone warrior fighting for a just cause. Abreks were irregular soldiers who abandoned all material life, including their family and friends, in order to fight for a just cause, to worship, and to meditate. The term was mostly used by people who struggled against Russian colonialism, mostly a guerrilla struggle during Russian expansion in the North Caucasus in the 19th century. An abrek would renounce any contact with friends and relatives, and then dedicate his life to praying and fighting for justice. The abrek lifestyle included a lonely life in the unexplored wilderness. Later, the majority of abreks became devoted Muslims.
Imampasha Vakharbiyevich Alimsultanov was a popular Chechen bard and folk singer.
The 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya was an autonomous revolt against the Soviet authorities in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Beginning in early 1940 under Khasan Israilov, it peaked in 1942 during the German invasion of North Caucasus and ended in the beginning of 1944 with the wholesale concentration and deportation of the Vainakh peoples from their native lands as well as from the locations across the USSR, resulting in the death of at least 144,000 civilians. However, scattered resistance in the mountains continued for years.
The Khaibakh massacre was the mass murder of the Chechen civilian population of the aul (village) Khaibakh, in the mountainous part of Chechnya, by Soviet forces during the deportations of 1944 on 27 February 1944.
The deportation of the Chechens and Ingush, or Ardakhar, and also known as Operation Lentil, was the Soviet forced transfer of the whole of the Vainakh populations of the North Caucasus to Central Asia on February 23, 1944, during World War II. The expulsion was ordered by NKVD chief Lavrentiy Beria after approval by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, as a part of a Soviet forced settlement program and population transfer that affected several million members of ethnic minorities in the Soviet Union between the 1930s and the 1950s.
Chernokozovo detention center is a prison in the village of Chernokozovo, Chechnya, Russia. The detention center is operated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and currently has the status of penal colony.
Filtration camps or filtration points were used by the Russian federal forces for their mass internment centers during the First Chechen Wars in 1994–1996 and then again during the Second Chechen War between 1999 and 2003.
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs, abbreviated NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
Some Soviet prisoners of war who survived German captivity during World War II were accused by the Soviet authorities of collaboration with the Nazis or branded as traitors under Order No. 270, which prohibited any soldier from surrendering.
NKVD screening and filtration camps, originally known as NKVD special-purpose camps / NKVD special camps, were camps for the screening of the Soviet soldiers returned from enemy occupied territories, enemy imprisonment, or enemy encirclement. There was concern among Soviet leaders that citizens that had been outside the supervision of the government and security services may need screening to ensure their political loyalty.
Russian war crimes are the violations of the law of war, including the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and the Geneva Conventions, consisting of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crime of genocide of which the official armed and paramilitary forces of the Russian Federation are accused of committing since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. This also extends to include aiding and abetting crimes of quasi-states or puppet states armed and financed by Russia, including Luhansk People's Republic and Donetsk People's Republic. These have included murder, the mistreatment of prisoners during interrogation (torture), deportation, abduction, looting, unlawful confinement, and rape.
The Chechen Republic, commonly known as Chechnya, is a federal republic of Russia that has been noted in several roles during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Kadyrovite forces have fought alongside the Russian invasion forces, the Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion and the Sheikh Mansur Battalion have fought alongside the Ukrainian defenders, while international have a number of comparisons between the invasion and the First and Second Chechen War.
Filtration camps, also referred to as concentration camps, have been used by Russian forces during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine to process Ukrainian citizens from regions under Russian occupation before transferring them into Russia.
