This article needs to be updated.(January 2024) |
Brazilian Army of the Brazilian Armed Forces |
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History and future |
Commands and components |
Air and space command |
Equipment |
The Brazilian Army has a large number of active and planned projects, under the modernization plans of the Brazilian Armed Forces, defined in the National Defense White Paper (Portuguese: Livro Branco da Defesa Nacional - LBDN). [1] From 2010, Brazil started a radical change in its military policy, aiming to consolidate itself as the major power of Latin America. [2] [ failed verification ]
The prospective scenario analysis developed in 2005 by the U.S. Pentagon for the year 2035, foresees a permanent growth of Brazil's influence in international relations. [3] [ failed verification ] The intensification of projection in the concert of nations and its greater insertion in the global decisions, conduct the Armed Forces to a new structure compatible with the country's new political-strategic status. [3] [ failed verification ]
Since the incorporation of the ASTROS system in 1983, the Army continues to receive new systems [4] and modernize active units along the decades. In the last years,[ when? ] the Army placed new orders for the ASTROS 2020 Mk6, along with the new STREV system (Transportable Flight Device Tracking System). [5] The new generation of this artillery system, called ASTROS 2020, is one of the most strategic military programs in Brazil. [6] [ failed verification ]
The Brazilian Army is modernizing its self-propelled howitzer fleet, incorporating since the mid-2010s the American M109A5+, an upgraded version of the A5 comparable to the A6 Paladin in operation in the U.S. Army. As of 2021, 96 systems were in operation. [7] [8] Other units will be incorporated in the 2020s, all of them modernized by BAE Systems in York PA. [9] [10] [11] Around 40 units of the M992 ammunition vehicle ertr received in the last years along with the new A5+. [12]
In 2018, Brazil placed an order for 120 units of the M198 155 mm howitzer, in order to replace the M114 along the 2020s. [13] The Army's is also replacing the towed mortar's systems, more than 500 units of the 120mm M2 were ordered in the mid-2010s, to replace the French RT F1. [14]
Brazil is conducting two major projects for the incorporation of new armoured vehicles. Since 2012, Iveco is delivering several units of the VBTP-MR Guarani 6×6 for the Army. As of 2021, more than 500 units are in operation in several armoured brigades all over the country. [15] [16] [17] 2,044 units were ordered in the mid-2010s, to finish by 2030. [18] [ needs update ] 1,464 units of the Iveco LMV 4×4 were ordered in mid-2010s. [19] The Army is also receiving several units per year of modernized units of the M113 personnel carrier and the EE-11 Urutu.[ citation needed ]
Since the 2010s, the Brazilian Army ordered several RBS 70 NG systems to equip the infantry brigades, and will continue to receive new units along the 2020s. [20] As of 2021, the Army operated 30 launchers. [21]
Since the mid-2010s, the Army is undergoing modernization of its radar inventory, with the SABER M20, M60 and M200, for air defense and ground radar roles, with operational ranges from 75 to 400 km. [22] [23] [24] These systems, along with the new STREV system, are combined with ASTROS, RBS 70, RBS 70 NG and 9K38 Igla already in operation in infantry brigades. [22]
The Army develops along with Avibras the AV-TM 300 cruise missile. This missile can be used along with the ASTROS system, with an operational range from 30 km to 1,000 km carrying a warhead of up to 500 kg. [25] [26] [ needs update ] The missile is also in operation in the artillery brigades of the Brazilian Marine Corps.[ citation needed ] The main assault and battle rifles, such the M964 FAL, M964A1 ParaFAL and the IMBEL MD97 are undergoing replacement by the IMBEL IA2. [27]
Since 2008, Brazil receives annually different types of helicopters from the Helibras factory in Itajubá, Minas Gerais. The models are the Eurocopter EC 725 Caracal, [28] [29] AS532 Cougar, [30] AS565 Panther [31] and the AS550 Fennec. [32] The Brazilian Army also requested six Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawks in 2009, [33] [ needs update ] and eight Short C-23 Sherpas in 2017. [34] [ needs update ]
The Integrated Border Monitoring System (SISFRON) is a border system developed by the Brazilian Army for supporting operational employment decisions, operating in an integrated manner with all defense systems in the country, whose purpose is to strengthen the presence and capacity for monitoring and action in the national land border strip. It was conceived at the initiative of the Army Command, as a result of the approval of the National Defense Strategy in 2008, which guides the organization of the Armed Forces. [35] SISFRON is supposed to be deployed along the 16,886 kilometers of the border line, favoring the employment of organizations subordinate to the North, West, Southern and the Amazon military commands. [35]
Since 2020, the Army plans the modernization of the fleet of the Leopard 1A5 BR main tank. The Bulletin No. 52/2020, with the Directive EME/C Ex No. 279, from 17 December 2020, orders the creation of a committee to study the program. The project proposes to obtain 116 modernized units, of the 220 in operation, extending their useful life until 2037. [3] The Army also plans a program for the acquisition of a new class of main tanks until 2030s. [36]
In December 2020, the Army launched a program to obtain 221 units of an 8 x 8 assault gun, for the replacement of the EE-9 Cascavel in operation since 1974. [37] The reported contenders of the program was reported to be the Iveco Centauro II, General Dynamics LAV 700, Norinco ST1, Patria AMV XP, ARTEC Boxer and the Elbit Eitan. [38] [ needs update ]
In July 2021, the Army launched a program to obtain new units of a 155 mm wheeled armored self-propelled howitzer. [39]
The Ministry of Defence will start in the 2020s [40] the acquisition of a medium-range air defense system. In December 2020, the MoD approved the prerequisites. The system will be operated by the three branches of the Brazilian Armed Forces, in order to reduce operational costs and to facilitating the integration between all systems already in operation in the forces. The baterry will have to comply with the following operational requirements: must be able to effectively engage aerospace threats simultaneously in a minimum horizontal engagement range not exceeding 2,000 meters; maximum horizontal engagement range not less than 40,000 meters; minimum vertical engagement range not exceeding 50 meters; and maximum vertical engagement range not less than 15,000 meters. The system will be capable to engage fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, UAVs, cruise missiles and guided bombs. [40]
The Brazilian Armed Forces are the unified military forces of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Consisting of three service branches, it comprises the Brazilian Army, the Brazilian Navy and the Brazilian Air Force.
The Portuguese Armed Forces are the military of Portugal. They include the General Staff of the Armed Forces, the other unified bodies and the three service branches: Portuguese Navy, Portuguese Army and Portuguese Air Force.
The Brazilian Army is the branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces responsible, externally, for defending the country in eminently terrestrial operations and, internally, for guaranteeing law, order and the constitutional branches, subordinating itself, in the Federal Government's structure, to the Ministry of Defense, alongside the Brazilian Navy and Air Force. The Military Police and Military Firefighters Corps are legally designated as reserve and auxiliary forces to the army. Its operational arm is called Land Force. It is the largest army in South America and the largest branch of the Armed Forces of Brazil.
The MSS 1.2 AC is a Brazilian anti-tank guided missile (ATGM). Operated by infantry or vehicles, the system consists of a reloadable launch tube, laser-guided missile and firing unit, as well as a simulator and testing equipment. It was developed out of Oto Melara's “Missile Anti-Carro della Fanteria”, which was rejected by the Italian Army. Brazilian involvement began in 1986 and it has since then been tested and redesigned by the Brazilian Army's research institutes and a series of Brazilian companies.
The Brazilian Army Aviation is the air segment of the Brazilian Army, operating rotary-wing aircraft (helicopters) in conjunction with surface forces such as the 12th Light Infantry Brigade (Airmobile). Originally founded with aircraft in 1919, it ceased to exist in 1941, re-emerging in its current form in 1986. It has mainly transport aircraft in addition to light attack helicopters, but does not use dedicated attack helicopters. Its command (CAvEx) in Taubaté, São Paulo, is linked to the Land Operations Command, in Brasília, and the Southeastern Military Command. CAvEx only has subordinates in the 1st and 2nd battalions, also in Taubaté. The 3rd and 4th are respectively in Campo Grande and Manaus, subordinate to the Western and Amazonian Military Commands, and there is a detachment in Belém, in the Northern Military Command.
The Brazilian Naval Aviation is the air component of the Brazilian Navy, currently called Força Aeronaval. Most of its air structure is subordinated to the Naval Air Force Command, the military organization responsible for providing operational air support from Navy vessels, while four squadrons are subordinated to the Naval Districts, responsible for inland and coastal waters. ComForAerNav is headquartered at the Naval Air Base of São Pedro da Aldeia, where all aircraft fleet level maintenance is carried out and where the Aeronaval Instruction and Training Center is located, which forms its staff. Its pilots, all officers with one to three years of prior naval experience, fly its helicopters, airplanes and Remotely Piloted Aircraft as extensions of the ships' weaponry and sensors.
The VBTP-MR Guarani is a 6×6 armoured personnel carrier developed by Iveco and the Brazilian Army as part of its "Urutu-III" modernization program aimed to replace all EE-11 Urutu by 2015. The 8×8 version of the VBTP-MR is the base of Iveco's Superav armoured personnel carrier. Other Brazilian companies also participated in the program, such as IMBEL (Communications), Elbit (Armaments), Usiminas and Villares.
The Intervention Brigade or BrigInt is an infantry brigade in service with the Portuguese Army. It was created in 2006 from the Light Intervention Brigade, which was itself the heir of the former Special Forces Brigade.
The AV-TM 300 Tactical Missile or MTC-300 is a Brazilian cruise missile developed by Avibras for the Astros II system. Nicknamed Matador ("killer"), it is projected to be a less expensive alternative to the American BGM-109 Tomahawk. The missile is equipped with a central computer that combines a Ring laser gyroscope, connected to an active GPS navigation device that uninterruptedly supplies positioning information for course correction. Apparently there also will be a naval version called X-300. The missile can use a single warhead of 200 to 500 kg high explosive or cluster munition warhead with 64 submunitions for anti-personnel or anti-tank targets.
Sistemas Integrados de Alto Teor Tecnológico (SIATT) is a Brazilian arms company founded in 2017 and headquartered in São Paulo. It primarily develops and manufactures precision-guided munitions. It supplies anti-ship missiles and provides training to the Brazilian Navy.
The Chief of the Joint General Staff of the Armed Forces is the professional head of the Brazilian Armed Forces, who is responsible for the centralizes the coordination and control of the three branches: Army, Navy and Air Force. The position was created through the Complementary Law No. 136 of 25 August 2010, and is guided by Ordinance No. 1429.
Álvaro Alberto, Brazil's first nuclear-powered attack submarine, is part of a strategic partnership signed between France and Brazil on 23 December 2008 by then-presidents Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Nicolas Sarkozy, that created the Submarine Development Program, a naval modernization plan of the Brazilian Armed Forces. The boat is the fifth unit of the Riachuelo-class, based on the French Scorpène-class. The submarine is being constructed by the Brazilian state-owned naval company ICN.
The Brazilian Navy has a large number of active and planned projects, under the modernization plans of the Brazilian Armed Forces, defined in the National Defense White Paper. From 2010, Brazil started a radical change in its military policy, aiming to consolidate itself as the major power of Latin America, then the country's military strategists saw the great importance in modernize the Navy, both in terms of global projection and deterrence against possible threats to national interests by foreign powers from the year 2040, the total estimated budget for the plan was estimated in US$ 119 billion in 2010.
The Brazilian Air Force has a large number of active and planned projects, under the modernization plans of the Brazilian Armed Forces, defined in the National Defense White Paper. From 2010, Brazil started a radical change in its military policy, aiming to consolidate itself as the major power of Latin America.
Madeira Island Submarine Base – BSIM is a submarine base of the Brazilian Navy, located in Itaguaí, Brazil.
The Link-BR2 is a Brazilian military datalink developed by the Brazilian Air Force and the defence company AEL Sistemas. The system entered in operation in December 2020, and was conceived in the early-2010s, by the necessity of Armed Forces of a communication system to the exchange of information between all military of the country.
The Brazilian cavalry is one of the branches that make up the Brazilian Army. It operates in armored vehicles and, like the infantry, has the role of directly confronting the enemy, but with distinct missions such as reconnaissance and vanguard. It is organized into regiments and squadrons, which are equivalent to the infantry's battalions and companies. Its main types are tank, mechanized, armored and guard. Its troops serve in vehicle crews or as fusiliers on board, who can also fight on foot.
The Riachuelo class are a Brazilian class of diesel-electric and nuclear-powered attack submarines developed by the state-owned shipyard Itaguaí Construções Navais, based on the French Scorpène class as part of the Submarine Development Program (PROSUB), a naval modernization plan of the Brazilian Armed Forces.