The Generación decapitada (Spanish for "Beheaded/Decapitated Generation") was a literary group formed by four young Ecuadorian poets in the first decades of the 20th century. The group comprised two men from the city of Guayaquil, Medardo Ángel Silva and Ernesto Noboa y Caamaño, and two from Quito, Arturo Borja and Humberto Fierro. [1] These four writers were greatly influenced by the modernist movement of Rubén Darío and by 19th-century French romantic poetry. They all read this poetry—by Baudelaire, Hugo, Rimbaud, and Verlaine—in the original French.
Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of the mainland. The capital city is Quito, which is also the largest city.
Guayaquil, officially Santiago de Guayaquil is the second largest city in Ecuador, with 2,578,201 people in its metropolitan area. It is also the nation's main port. The city is the capital of Guayas Province and the seat of Guayaquil canton.
Medardo Ángel Silva Deleg was an Ecuadorian poet and a member of the Generación decapitada. The "Decapitated Generation" was a group of four young Ecuadorian poets in the first decades of the 20th century. Two men from Guayaquil, Medardo Ángel Silva and Ernesto Noboa y Caamaño, and two men from Quito, Arturo Borja and Humberto Fierro, were the precursors of modernismo in Ecuador. These four writers were greatly influenced by the modernist movement of Rubén Darío and by 19th-century French romantic poetry. Though they knew each other and dedicated poems to each other, they never met together to create a true literary group. The term "generación decapitada" originated in the middle of the 20th century, when Ecuadorian journalists and historians decided to name them, noting similarities in the authors' poetry.
The group is called "decapitada", or decapitated, because each member committed suicide at a young age. [1] Though they knew each other and dedicated poems to each other, they never met together to create a true literary group. The term "generación decapitada" originated in the middle of the 20th century, when Ecuadorian journalists and historians decided to name them, noting similarities in the authors' poetry.
Ecuadorians are people identified with Ecuador, a country in South America, its citizens or their descendants abroad who identify with the Ecuadorian culture and descent. Ecuador is a multiethnic society, a home to people of various ethnic origins; as a result, Ecuadorians do not equate their nationality with their ethnicity, but rather their allegiance or affinity for Ecuador. Majority of Ecuadorians trace their origins to one or more of three geographical sources of human migrations to the territory of modern Ecuador: the pre-Hispanic indigenous populations who settled the region over 15,000 years ago, the Europeans who arrived over five centuries ago, and ultimately the sub-Saharan Africans who were imported to New Spain as slaves during the same period. The mixing of two or more of these three groups established other mixed ethnic groups.
French poetry is a category of French literature. It may include Francophone poetry composed outside France and poetry written in other languages of France.
The Primera Categoría Serie A, simply known as the Serie A or the Primera A, is a professional football league in Ecuador. At the top of the Ecuadorian football league system, it is the country's premier football competition. Contested by twelve clubs, it operates a system of promotion and relegation with the Serie B, the lower level of the Primera Categoría. The season runs from February to December and is usually contested in multiple stages. It is sponsored by beer company Pilsener and is officially known as the Copa Pilsener Serie A.
19th-century French literature concerns the developments in French literature during a dynamic period in French history that saw the rise of Democracy and the fitful end of Monarchy and Empire. The period covered spans the following political regimes: Napoleon Bonaparte's Consulate (1799–1804) and Empire (1804–1814), the Restoration under Louis XVIII and Charles X (1814–1830), the July Monarchy under Louis Philippe d'Orléans (1830–1848), the Second Republic (1848–1852), the Second Empire under Napoleon III (1852–1871), and the first decades of the Third Republic (1871–1940).
The Ecuadorian War of Independence was fought from 1820 to 1822 between several South American armies and Spain over control of the lands of the Royal Audience of Quito, a Spanish colonial administrative jurisdiction from which would eventually emerge the modern Republic of Ecuador. The war ended with the defeat of the Spanish forces at the Battle of Pichincha on May 24, 1822, which brought about the independence of the entire Presidencia de Quito. The Ecuadorian War of Independence is part of the Spanish American wars of independence fought during the first two decades of the 19th century.
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature.
Pasillo is an Ecuadorian and Colombian genre of music extremely popular in the territories that composed the 19th century Viceroyalty of New Granada and Gran Colombia: Born in Gran Colombia, spread in the territory, especially Ecuador, and to a lesser extent in the mountainous regions of Venezuela and Panama. Venezuelans refer to this style of music as "vals".
Enrique Gil Gilbert was an Ecuadorian novelist, journalist, poet, and a high-ranking member of the Communist Party of Ecuador.
Karina Galvez is an Ecuadorian American poet. She was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, July 7, 1964. She lived in California, United States during 1985-2012. Since 2012 she resided in Ecuador, but flew extensively through the world. In 1995, she published her book "Karina Galvez – Poetry and Songs", which includes both English and Spanish versions of her poems and a prologue written by León Roldós Aguilera, former vice-president of Ecuador. In 1996, her "Poem for My Mother" won 2nd place in the annual Latin American poetry contest organized by the "Casa de la Cultura" in Long Beach, CA. She is also a song writer and has written children's poems and short children's stories.
The 1960 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol was the 2nd national championship for football teams in Ecuador. The tournament returned after a two-year hiatus using with the same format, but expanded the field of teams from four to eight.
Ileana Espinel Cedeño was an Ecuadorian journalist, poet and writer. She was born and died in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Her pen name was Ileana Espinal.
Anarchism in Ecuador appeared at the end of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century it started to gain influence in sectors of organized workers and intellectuals having an important role in the General strike of Guayaquil on November 15, 1922 in which around 1000 strikers died.
Ernesto Noboa y Caamaño was an Ecuadorian poet and a member of the "Generación decapitada".
Arturo Borja Pérez was an Ecuadorian poet who was part of a group known as the "Generación decapitada". He was the first in the group to excel as a modernist poet. He did not produce a lot of poetry, but the small amount of poetry he produced showed great quality. He published twenty poems in a book titled La flauta de ónix, and six other poems were published posthumously. The group is called "decapitada", or decapitated, because all its members committed suicide at a young age.
Humberto Fierro was an Ecuadorian poet who was part of a group known as the "Generación decapitada". The group is called "decapitada", or decapitated, because all its members committed suicide at a young age.
Miguel Augusto Egas Miranda, better known by his pen name Hugo Mayo, was an Ecuadorian avant-garde poet. He was the older brother of the poet José María Egas (1896-1982).
Croatian Ecuadorians are Ecuadorians who are descended from migrants from Croatia. There are approximately 4,000 Croats and their descendants living in Ecuador. One can mention two major periods of the immigration of Croats to Ecuador; the first one at the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century and the recent that started in the 1990s. During the first period, Croat immigrants were moistly traders from Dubrovnik, Split and the island of Vis who settled in agricultural parts of Ecuador, especially in the region of Manabí, and in the cities such Bahia De Caraquez, Chone, Manta, Portoviejo and Guayaquil, Cuenca and Quito. The current immigration of Croats began with their arrival in Ecuador and was largely motivated by the interest in the fish industry and the exploration of marine crustaceans. Most of these new immigrants come from the Adriatic coast, especially from Split, and are employed in the tuna and sardines processing industry. Ecuadorian Croats and their descendants have a high cultural and economic status in the society and are quite prominent, particularly in the agricultural and fishing field, as well as in commerce and industry. Ecuador has a large fleet of ships for banana transportation; also fish and merchant vessels whose crew is also made up of Croats living in Guayaquil. They are, however, not registered as Croatian immigrants. In 2004 an association was established in Ecuador where Croats and their descendants often congregate. Included are Istro-Romanians, who became adjusted to Ecuadorian society because of the linguistic similarities between Istro-Romanian and Spanish, as well as Latin identity of Istro-Romanians.
Luz Elisa Borja Martínez was an Ecuadorian poet, pianist, painter, and sculptor.
Sonia Manzano Vela is an Ecuadorian writer and pianist.
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