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The Gharti Chhetri Community of Nepal: Preserving Tradition Amidst Modernity
Nepal, a land of diverse cultures and ethnicities, is home to a multitude of communities, each with its unique history and heritage. Among these, the Gharti Chhetri community, often referred to as "Khas Chhetri," stands as a prominent group, leaving an indelible mark on Nepal's cultural, social, and political landscape.
The Gharti Chhetri people are descendants of the Khas Kingdom that ruled parts of present-day western Nepal centuries ago. Their history can be traced back to the medieval era when they played a vital role in the governance and administration of these regions. Even today, the Gharti Chhetri community is known for its legacy of leadership and service to the nation.
Traditionally, Gharti Chhetris have been associated with various professions, including the military, government, and politics. Historically, they were known for their warrior spirit and played a pivotal role in defending their territories. Many Gharti Chhetris served as soldiers and commanders in the armies of different rulers and kingdoms, earning a reputation for their bravery and valor.
In the modern context, Gharti Chhetris continue to excel in various fields. Their representation in the Nepalese Armed Forces is notable, with many holding high-ranking positions. Their dedication to serving the nation remains unwavering, and they are often seen as guardians of Nepal's sovereignty.
Beyond the military, Gharti Chhetris have made significant contributions to the country's political landscape. Many prominent political figures, including leaders and policymakers, hail from this community. Their involvement in shaping Nepal's political destiny has been instrumental in the country's journey towards democracy and progress.
Culture and tradition hold a special place in the hearts of Gharti Chhetris. Their rich cultural heritage is reflected in their festivals, rituals, and way of life. Dashain and Tihar, two of Nepal's most celebrated festivals, are observed with great fervor by this community. These festivals are occasions for families to come together, worship deities, exchange blessings, and partake in festive feasts.
The Gharti Chhetri culture places a strong emphasis on respect for elders and a sense of duty towards one's family and community. Traditional values are upheld, and social harmony is a cherished ideal. Elders are revered for their wisdom, and their blessings are sought in all significant life events.
In terms of attire, Gharti Chhetris have distinct clothing that reflects their cultural identity. Men often wear the traditional attire known as "Daura Suruwal," which consists of a long shirt and trousers, while women adorn themselves in elegant dresses with intricate embroidery.
Despite their deep-rooted traditions, Gharti Chhetris have also adapted to the changing times. Many of them have pursued education and embraced modern professions, contributing to Nepal's socio-economic development. This blend of tradition and modernity reflects the community's resilience and adaptability.
In conclusion, the Gharti Chhetri community of Nepal is a testament to the country's rich cultural diversity and historical legacy. Their contributions to various aspects of Nepalese society, from defense and politics to culture and tradition, are undeniable. As Nepal continues to evolve in the 21st century, the Gharti Chhetri community stands as a symbol of the nation's past, present, and future, preserving its traditions while embracing the opportunities of the modern world.
A tradition is a system of beliefs or behaviors passed down within a group of people or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. A component of cultural expressions and folklore, common examples include holidays or impractical but socially meaningful clothes, but the idea has also been applied to social norms, behaviors such as greetings etc. Traditions can persist and evolve for thousands of years— the word tradition itself derives from the Latin word tradere literally meaning to transmit, to hand over, to give for safekeeping. While it is reportedly assumed that traditions have an ancient history, many traditions have been invented on purpose, whether it be political or cultural, over short periods of time. Various academic disciplines also use the word in a variety of ways.
Bihu is a set of three important cultural festivals unique to the Indian state of Assam – 'Rongali' or 'Bohag Bihu' observed in April, 'Kongali' or 'Kati Bihu' observed in October or November, and 'Bhogali' or 'Magh Bihu' observed in January. The festivals present an admixture of Tibeto-Burman, Austroasiatic and Indo-Aryan traditions entwined so intricately that it is impossible to separate them—festivals which are uniquely Assamese to which all communities of Assam had contributed elements. The Rongali Bihu is the most important of the three, celebrating spring festival. The Bhogali Bihu or the Magh Bihu is a harvest festival, with community feasts. The Kongali Bihu or the Kati Bihu is the sombre, thrifty one reflecting a season of short supplies and is an animistic festival.
The Magars, also spelled Mangar and Mongar, are ethnolinguistic groups indigenous to Western Nepal and Northeast India, representing 6.9% of Nepal's total population according to the 2021 Nepal census.
The culture of Asia encompasses the collective and diverse customs and traditions of art, architecture, music, literature, lifestyle, philosophy, food, politics and religion that have been practiced and maintained by the numerous ethnic groups of the continent of Asia since prehistory. Identification of a specific culture of Asia or universal elements among the colossal diversity that has emanated from multiple cultural spheres and three of the four ancient River valley civilizations is complicated. However, the continent is commonly divided into six geographic sub-regions, that are characterized by perceivable commonalities, like culture, religion, language and relative ethnic homogeneity. These regions are Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and West Asia.
Khas people, popularly known as Khas Arya, are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now the present-day South Asian country of Nepal, as well as the Indian states of Uttarakhand, West Bengal and Sikkim. Historically, Khas were the speakers of an ancient Khas language from the Indo-Aryan language family and the earliest recorded speakers of the Western Pahari languages. The large portion of the Indo-Aryan speakers throughout lower Himalayas were the Khas people. An intrusion of this tribe from the Western and Northwestern Himalayas into Central Himalayas is substantiated by the early linguistic evidences related to the Nepali language. They were also known as Parbatiyas/Parbates and are currently known as Paharis/Pahadis.. They were also referred to as Yartse in Tibet and are also known as Khasan by Bhotia people. The term Khas has now become obsolete, as the Khas people have adopted communal identities because of the negative stereotypes associated with the term Khas. In Nepal the native speaker of Nepali language are known as Khas.
Chhetri, historically called Kshettriya or Kshetriya or Khas are Nepali speaking Rajputs of Khas community, some of whom trace their origin to migration from medieval India. Chhetri was a caste of administrators, governor and military elites in the medieval Khas Kingdom and Gorkha Kingdom. The nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom mainly originated from Chhetri families. They also had a strong presence in civil administration affairs. The bulk of prime ministers of Nepal before the democratization of Nepal belonged to this caste as a result of the old Gorkhali aristocracy. Gorkha-based aristocratic Chhetri families included the Pande dynasty, the Basnyat dynasty, the Kunwar family, and the Thapa dynasty,.
The Nepalese caste system was the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal. The Nepalese caste system broadly borrows the classical Hindu Chaturvarnashram model, consisting of four broad social classes or varna: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra.
Dashain or Bada'dashain, also referred as Vijaya Dashami in Sanskrit, is a major Hindu religious festival in Nepal and the Indian states of Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, South India, and Sri Lanka. It is also celebrated by Hindus of Nepal and elsewhere in the world, including among the Lhotshampa of Bhutan and the Burmese Gurkhas of Myanmar. The festival is also referred as Nauratha, derived from the Sanskrit word for the same festival Navaratri which translates to Nine Nights. A version of this festival is celebrated as Navaratri, Navaratri is not exactly the same as Dashain. Most Americans call it Dussehra or Dashera by Hindus in India, although rites and rituals vary significantly.
The culture of West Bengal is an Indian culture which has its roots in Bengali literature, music, fine arts, drama and cinema. Different geographic regions of West Bengal have subtle as well as more pronounced variations between each other, with Darjeeling Himalayan hill region and Duars showing particularly different socio-cultural aspects.
Panauti is a municipality in Kavrepalanchok District in Bagmati Province of Nepal located 32 km Southeast of the capital Kathmandu. The town is currently listed as a UNESCO tentative site since 1996.
Punjabi culture grew out of the settlements along the five rivers which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE. Agriculture has been the major economic feature of the Punjab and has therefore formed the foundation of Punjabi culture, with one's social status being determined by landownership. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960's to the mid-1970's, has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan". Besides being known for agriculture and trade, the Punjab is also a region that over the centuries has experienced many foreign invasions and consequently has a long-standing history of warfare, as the Punjab is situated on the principal route of invasions through the northwestern frontier of the Indian subcontinent, which promoted to adopt a lifestyle that entailed engaging in warfare to protect the land. Warrior culture typically elevates the value of the community's honour (izzat), which is highly esteemed by Punjabis.
Newar caste system is the system by which Newārs, the historical inhabitants of Kathmandu Valley, are divided into groups on the basis of Vedic varna model and divided according to their hereditary occupations. First introduced at the time of the Licchavis, the Newar caste system assumed its present shape during the medieval Malla period. The Newar caste structure resembles more closely to North India and Madheshis than that of the Khas 'Parbatiyas' in that all four Varna and untouchables are represented. The social structure of Newars is unique as it is the last remaining example of a pre-Islamic North Indic civilisation in which Buddhist elements enjoy equal status with the Brahmanic elements.
Thapa (pronunciation:) is the surname commonly used by the Gorkhali community within India and Nepal who belong to the Chhetri caste. It is also used by the Magar group, a Sino-Tibetan speaking ethnicity.
A sheikhdom or sheikdom is a geographical area or a society ruled by a tribal leader known as a sheikh. Sheikhdoms exist almost exclusively within Arab countries, particularly in the Arabian Peninsula, with some notable exceptions throughout history.
Kirat Mundum, also known as Kiratism, or Kirati Mundum, is an animistic folk religion of the Kirati ethnic groups of Nepal, Darjeeling and Sikkim, majorly practiced by Yakkha, Limbu, Sunuwar, Rai, Thami, Jirel, Hayu and Surel peoples in the north-eastern Indian subcontinent. The practice is also known as Kirat Veda, Kirat-Ko Veda or Kirat Ko Ved. According to some scholars, such as Tom Woodhatch, it is a blend of shamanism, animism, and Shaivism. It is practiced by about 3.17% of the Nepali population as of 2021.
Garu is a village in Nowshera District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 33°49'0N 71°59'0E with an altitude of 404 metres.
Bahun, also known as Hill Brahmins, are a Brahmin varna among the Khas of Nepal. Their origins are from the Himalayan belt of South Asia. According to the 2011 Nepal census, Bahun is the second most populous group after Chhetri.
The Pahari people, (Devanagari: पहाड़ी; IPA:[pɐɦaːɽiː]; Pahāṛ also called Pahadi and Parbati, are an indigenous group of the Himalayas. Most Indo-Aryan Paharis, however, identify as members of constituent subgroups and castes within the larger Pahari community such as Brahmin, Kshatriya and Dalits.
Tagadhari are members of a Nepalese Hindu group that is perceived as historically having a high socio-religious status in Nepalese society. Tagadhari are identified by a sacred thread (Janai) around the torso, which is used for ritualistic purposes in Hinduism. In Sanskrit the sacred thread is called yajñopavītam and in Nepali Janai. The cord is received after the Upanayana ceremony. Tagadharis were historically favoured by the government of Nepal and various religious and caste-based legal provisions were enacted on their behalf. The legal code of 1854, Muluki Ain, which was introduced by Chhetri Maharaja and Prime Minister of Nepal, Jang Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji made it impossible to legally enslave Tagadharis and decreed fewer punishments for them in comparison to Matawali and Dalits.
Jharra Chhetri are the subgroup of the khas Chhetri caste who are socio-religiously considered the purest among all Chhetri subcastes. Jharra Chhetri wear the six threaded Janai. They are historically Indo Aryan people with concept of racial purity. Matwali Chhetri or Pawai Chhetri outnumber Jharras but notable people from Chhetri community are Jharras like Bogati, Basnet/Basnyat, Thapa, Karki, Kunwar, Khadka, Budathoki, Katuwal, Mahat.