External links
- Laurent Brun. "Gui de Cambrai".
- Works by or about Gui de Cambrai at Internet Archive
Gui de Cambrai (born in the second half of the 12th century, died in the 13th century), was a medieval writer from northern France who used vernacular French rather than Latin language. He wrote Le Vengement Alixandre (Alexander revenged), an 1806-line epic poem (c. 1190).
A French version of Barlaam and Josaphat (c. 1220-1225) has also been tentatively attributed to de Cambrai.
Barlaam and Josaphat are legendary Christian martyrs and saints. Their life story is very likely to have been based on the life of the Gautama Buddha. It tells how an Indian king persecuted the Christian Church in his realm. When astrologers predicted that his own son would some day become a Christian, the king imprisoned the young prince Josaphat, who nevertheless met the hermit Saint Barlaam and converted to Christianity. After much tribulation the young prince's father accepted the Christian faith, turned over his throne to Josaphat, and retired to the desert to become a hermit. Josaphat himself later abdicated and went into seclusion with his old teacher Barlaam. The tale derives from a second to fourth century Sanskrit Mahayana Buddhist text, via a Manichaean version, then the Arabic Kitāb Bilawhar wa-Būd̠āsaf, current in Baghdad in the eighth century, from where it entered into Middle Eastern Christian circles before appearing in European versions. The two were entered in the Eastern Orthodox calendar with a feast-day on 26 August, and in the Roman Martyrology in the Western Church as "Barlaam and Josaphat" on the date of 27 November.
John of Damascus, also known as John Damascene and as Chrysorrhoas, was a Christian monk, priest, and apologist. Born and raised in Damascus c. 675 or 676, he died at his monastery, Mar Saba, near Jerusalem on 4 December 749.
Cambrai, formerly Cambray and historically in English Camerick or Camericke, is a commune in the Nord department and in the Hauts-de-France region of France on the Scheldt river, which is known locally as the Escaut river.
Franz Pfeiffer, was a Swiss literary scholar who worked in Germany and Austria.
Josaphat Kuntsevych, O.S.B.M., was a Polish–Lithuanian monk and archeparch (archbishop) of the Ruthenian Catholic Church, who on 12 November 1623 was killed by an angry mob in Vitebsk, Vitebsk Voivodeship, in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He is "the best-known victim" of anti-Catholic violence related to implementing the Union of Brest, and is declared a martyr and saint of the Catholic Church.
Barlaam was originally the name of a Christian saint, St. Barlaam, in a legend of Indian origin where he was a companion to St. Josaphat. It may also refer to:
The Alexander Romance is an account of the life and exploits of Alexander the Great. Although constructed around a historical core, the romance is largely fictional. It was widely copied and translated, accruing legends and fantastical elements at different stages. The original version was composed in the Greek language before 338 AD, when a Latin translation was made. Several late manuscripts attribute the work to Alexander's court historian Callisthenes, but the historical person died before Alexander and could not have written a full account of his life. The unknown author is still sometimes known as Pseudo-Callisthenes.
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France, comprising the arrondissements of Avesnes-sur-Helpe, Cambrai, Douai, and Valenciennes within the département of Nord, in the region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The current archbishop is Vincent Dollmann, appointed in December 2000. Since 2008 the archdiocese has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Lille.
Rudolf von Ems, also called in English Rudolf of Ems, was a medieval Austrian epic poet.
Aristides the Athenian was a 2nd-century Christian Greek author who is primarily known as the author of the Apology of Aristides. His feast day is August 31 in Roman Catholicism and September 13 in Eastern Orthodoxy.
The term Christianized calendar refers to feast days which are Christianized reformulations of feasts from pre-Christian times.
Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, is also venerated as a manifestation of God in Hinduism and the Baháʼí Faith. Some Hindu texts regard Buddha as an avatar of the god Vishnu, who came to Earth to delude beings away from the Vedic religion. He is also regarded as a prophet by the Ahmadiyyah.
Hermann Zotenberg was an orientalist and Arabist.
The Buik of Alexander is a short title for the two known Scots versions of the Alexander romance stories — a genre which was common in Medieval European literature, particularly France from the 12th century onwards, and the British Isles in the 14th and 15th centuries. A principal source text for these was the Old French text, Li romans d'Alixandre, attributed to Alexandre de Bernay, although writers tended to adapt material freely from different sources. Many different European nations had poets who produced versions of the romance. The dating is unsure, but the earlier of the two Scottish versions was anonymous, and the second, in a version dated 1499?, is by Gilbert Hay.
Otto II, sometimes called Otto von Berg, was the 24th Bishop of Freising from 1184 and, like his predecessor, Otto I, a supporter of the Hohenstaufen monarchs. Around 1200, he composed the "Laubacher Barlaam", a Middle High German translation of a 12th-century Middle Latin version of the legend of Barlaam and Josaphat. His version is not to be confused with the verse romance Barlaam und Josaphat (c.1220) of Rudolf von Ems.
Friedrich Karl Köpke was a German educator who specialized in Germanic studies.
Carl Richard Unger was a Norwegian historian and philologist. Unger was professor of Germanic and Romance philology at the University of Christiania from 1862 and was a prolific editor of Old Norse texts.
Barlaams saga ok Jósafats is an Old Norse rendering of the story of Barlaam and Josaphat, which is based upon the life of the Buddha. The saga exists in Old Norwegian and Old Swedish versions. These versions use different source material. The older of the two Old Swedish versions draws on the Golden Legend; the younger uses the Speculum historiale as its main source. The Old Norwegian version is based on a Latin translation from the 12th century. The saga of Guðmundur Arason records that the Old Norwegian version was translated by King Haakon the Young.
Eugen Gustav Wilhelm Braunholtz was a German-born British philologist and scholar of French language and literature, known for his editorship of school editions of French classics.
The Great Renunciation or Great Departure is the traditional term for the departure of Gautama Buddha from his palace at Kapilavastu to live a life as an ascetic. It is called the Great Renunciation because it is regarded as a great sacrifice. Most accounts of this event can be found in post-canonical Buddhist texts from several Buddhist traditions, which are the most complete. These are, however, of a more mythological nature than the early texts. They exist in Pāli, Sanskrit and Chinese language.
