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Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea, is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea-Bissau to the northwest, Senegal to the north, Mali to the northeast, Cote d'Ivoire to the southeast, and Sierra Leone and Liberia to the south. It is sometimes referred to as Guinea-Conakry after its capital Conakry, to distinguish it from other territories in the eponymous region such as Guinea-Bissau and Equatorial Guinea. Guinea has a population of 13.5 million and an area of 245,857 square kilometres (94,926 sq mi).
The modern state of Guinea did not come into existence until 1958, but the history of the area stretches back well before European colonization. Its current boundaries were determined during the colonial period by the Berlin Conference (1884–1885) and the French, who ruled Guinea until 1958.
Ahmed Sékou Touré was a Guinean political leader and African statesman who became the first president of Guinea, serving from 1958 until his death in 1984. Touré was among the primary Guinean nationalists involved in gaining independence of the country from France. He would later die in the United States in 1984.
Lansana Conté was a Guinean politician and military official who served as the second President of Guinea, from 3 April 1984 until his death on 22 December 2008. Conté came to power in the 1984 Guinean coup d'état.
Boubacar Diallo Telli was a Guinean diplomat and politician. He helped found the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and was the second secretary-general of the OAU between 1964 and 1972. After serving as Minister of Justice in Guinea for four years he was executed by starvation by the regime of Ahmed Sékou Touré at Camp Boiro in 1977.
Louis Lansana Beavogui was a Guinean politician. He was Prime Minister from 1972 to 1984 and was briefly interim President in 1984.
The Union of African States, sometimes called the Ghana–Guinea–Mali Union, was a short-lived and loose regional organization formed in 1958 linking the West African nations of Ghana and Guinea as the Union of Independent African States. Mali joined in 1961. It disbanded in 1963.
Ladipo Adamolekun is a Nigerian public administration scholar, former dean of the Faculty of Administration at Obafemi Awolowo University and was a lead public sector management specialist at World Bank.
Operation Green Sea was an amphibious attack on Conakry, the capital of Guinea, by between 350 and 420 Portuguese soldiers and Portuguese-led Guinean fighters in November 1970. The goals of the operation included the overthrow of Ahmed Sékou Touré's government, capture of the leader of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), Amílcar Cabral, destruction of the naval and air assets of the PAIGC and its Guinean supporters, and the rescue of Portuguese POWs held in Conakry.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Guinea:
Camp Boiro or Camp Mamadou Boiro (1960–1984) is a defunct Guinean concentration camp within Conakry city. During the regime of President Ahmed Sékou Touré, thousands of political opponents were imprisoned at the camp. It has been estimated that almost 5,000 people were executed or died from torture or starvation at the camp. According to other estimates, the number of victims was ten times higher: 50,000.
Ismaël Touré was a Guinean political figure and the half brother of President Ahmed Sékou Touré. He was the chief prosecutor at the notorious Camp Boiro.
The Cabinet of the First Republic of Guinea was the governing body of Guinea from independence on 28 September 1958 until the death of President Ahmed Sékou Touré on 26 March 1984, followed by a bloodless coup by Colonel Lansana Conté on 3 April 1984. For much of that time, the country was run by a tight-knit inner group, many of them relatives of Sékou Touré, who became the primary beneficiaries of the regime.
Alioune Dramé was a Guinean economist and politician. He also served as an ambassador to Ivory Coast.
Lansana Diané was a general and a minister in the cabinet of Ahmed Sekou Touré, President of Guinea during the First Republic (1958–1984). The military government that took power after Touré's death executed him in 1985.
Siaka Touré (1935–1985) was the commandant of Camp Boiro in Conakry, Guinea during the regime of Guinean President Ahmed Sékou Touré. During this period, many of the president's political opponents died in the camp.
Marché Medina is a market in Conakry, Guinea and one of the largest markets in West Africa. The market was the scene of the Guinean Market Women's Revolt in 1977 that marketed a turning point in the country's economic history and was celebrated as a national holiday following the end of President Ahmed Sékou Touré's regime.
The 1984 Guinean coup d'état was the bloodless military coup that took place in Guinea on 3 April 1984, led by Colonel Lansana Conté. It led to the deposition of Prime Minister Louis Lansana Beavogui, who had held the office since 1972, and had been serving as interim president since March, when longtime President Ahmed Sékou Touré died during an emergency heart operation at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States.
Mafory Bangoura, or Hadja Aissatou Mafory Bangoura was an activist for an independent Guinea, and post-independence a politician holding the post of Minister for Social Affairs in the 1970s. Known as the 'Women's President of Guinea', her portrait featured on the one syli banknote, issued in 1981.
Guinea–Turkey relations are the foreign relations between Guinea and Turkey. Guinea opened its embassy in Ankara and Turkey opened its embassy in Conakry in 2013.
References
- ↑ A Socialist Peace?: Explaining the Absence of War in an African Country, Mike McGovern, pg. 179, University of Chicago Press, 2017, ISBN 9780226453743
- ↑ International Women's Rights Action Watch, GUINEA, 6 March 2001 (CEDAW/C/GIN/1-3), http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/iwraw/guinea.html
- ↑ Lonely Planet, Guinea, https://www.lonelyplanet.com/guinea/history
- 1 2 Europa Publications Limited (31 December 2002). Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Psychology Press. p. 473. ISBN 978-1-85743-131-5 . Retrieved 9 March 2018.
- ↑ EDiplomat, Guinea, http://www.ediplomat.com/np/post_reports/pr_gn.htm