HEATH

Last updated October 12, 2019

HEATH (plagiarism/outsource) by Tan Lin is book "set" in plain text, composed of a mash up of data sources from RSS feeds, blog posts, Google searches, retrieved photographs, handwritten notes, and items of that nature.^[1] It is divided into multiple parts, the most famous of which being plagiarism/outsource. Lin devotes part of the book to a series of web searches regarding the death of actor Heath Ledger in 2008 in Untilted Health Ledger Project, which is assumed to be the reason for the name of the whole book.^[1]

Tan Anthony Lin is an American poet, author, filmmaker, and professor. Born in Seattle, Washington, he is most notably recognized for his work in "ambient" literature, a style that draws on and samples source material from popular culture. This type of literature primarily focuses on highlighting issues with regard to copyright, plagiarism, and technology.

Google Search, also referred to as Google Web Search or simply Google, is a web search engine developed by Google. It is the most used search engine on the World Wide Web across all platforms, with 92.62% market share as of June 2019, handling more than 5.4 billion searches each day.

Heath Andrew Ledger was an Australian actor and music video director. After performing roles in several Australian television and film productions during the 1990s, Ledger left for the United States in 1998 to further develop his film career. His work comprised nineteen films, including 10 Things I Hate About You (1999), The Patriot (2000), A Knight's Tale (2001), Monster's Ball (2001), Lords of Dogtown (2005), Brokeback Mountain (2005), The Brothers Grimm (2005), Casanova (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), the latter two being posthumous releases. He also produced and directed music videos and aspired to be a film director.

Tan Lin

Tan Lin is a poet, novelist, filmmaker, and new media artist born in Seattle to Chinese American parents from Shanghai. With a BA from Carleton College and an MA and PhD from Columbia University, his work is tied to cultural and media studies with an emphasis on issues involving copyright, plagiarism, and technology. He currently teaches creative writing at New Jersey City University.^[2]

Carleton College liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota

Carleton College is a private liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota. Founded in 1866, the college enrolled 2,105 undergraduate students and employed 269 faculty members in fall 2016. The 200-acre main campus is located between Northfield and the 800-acre Cowling Arboretum, which became part of the campus in the 1920s.

Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 near the Upper West Side region of Manhattan, Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. It is one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence, seven of which belong to the Ivy League. It has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world.

New Jersey City University (NJCU) is a public liberal arts university in Jersey City, New Jersey. Originally chartered in 1927, New Jersey City University consists of the NJCU School of Business, College of Arts and Sciences, College of Education, and College of Professional Studies. It is a member of the New Jersey Association of State Colleges and Universities. New Jersey City University is a fully recognized and accredited university. NJCU provides education to over 8,500 students.

His other works include the poetry collection Seven Controlled Vocabularies and Obituary 2004: The Joy of Cooking (2010) and most recently, Insomnia (2011). He has also received several awards, including an Andy Warhol Foundation/Creative Capital Arts Writing grant and an Asian American Arts Alliance’s Urban Artist grant.^[1]

Sections of HEATH

HEATH is part of a series of works categorized as "uncreative writing", in which texts and pictures previously written or created by others are compiled into a different work in order to convey a different feeling or message. Other "uncreative" writers include Kenneth Goldsmith and Stephanie Barber.

Kenneth Goldsmith is an American poet and critic. He is the founding editor of UbuWeb and is a senior editor of PennSound at the University of Pennsylvania, where he teaches. He hosted a weekly radio show at WFMU from 1995 until June 2010. He has published ten books of poetry, notably Fidget (2000), Soliloquy (2001), Day (2003) and his American trilogy, The Weather (2005), Traffic (2007), and Sports (2008). He is the author of a book of essays, Uncreative Writing: Managing Language in the Digital Age (2011). In 2013, he was appointed the Museum of Modern Art's first poet laureate.

Stephanie Barber is an American artist working in a variety of media. Most widely recognized as an experimental filmmaker, video artist and writer whose films include the 2013 feature DAREDEVILS, catalog, dogs, total power:dead dead dead, shipfilm "dwarfs the sea" "the inversion, transcription, evening track and attractor", "flower, the boy, the librarian", "BUST CHANCE", "the visit and the play" among others.

plagiarism/outsource

Tan Lin presents a massive accumulation of language and graphics from several sources, most of which are from the Internet. These sources include commercial ads, programs from the Museum of Modern Art, blogs, RSS feeds, and social media sites such as Facebook. He includes corporate logos, pictures of the drug Ecstasy, reactions towards the death of actor Heath Ledger in 2008, and bits of academic articles.^[3]

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.

Facebook Global online social networking service

Facebook, Inc. is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. It is considered one of the Big Four technology companies along with Amazon, Apple, and Google.

The text presents somewhat of a "confession" to plagiarism, as Lin quotes "numerous works were plagiarized while writing this text, in terms of ideas or turns of phrase, which the author attempted to imitate."^[3]^[4] He complicates authorship even further by plagiarizing himself with text from his lectures, notes, and other poems, as well as other outside sources such as Google’s Project Gutenberg. Lin plays around with notions of appropriation, copyright, and censorship, which are all seen as major issues in the age of digital language.^[1]

Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks". It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital library. Most of the items in its collection are the full texts of public domain books. The project tries to make these as free as possible, in long-lasting, open formats that can be used on almost any computer. As of 23 June 2018, Project Gutenberg reached 57,000 items in its collection of free eBooks.

Notes towards the definition of culture

Notes Towards the Definition of Culture prompts various questions on the subject of writing through technology. HEATH reviewer Laurie Macfee asks, "Is an RSS feed a manifestation of collective intellectual achievement, a form of art, or is it more related to the scientific notion of culture and an artificial medium that promotes or cultivates replication?"^[1] This passage has been extensively linked to the development of a culture study concerning the ‘whole way of life,’ intriguing Lin due to its composition of predominately non-humans.^[5]

The title of this passage is "plagiarized" from author T.S. Eliot's own Notes Towards the Definition of Culture, written in 1948.^[5]

Untilted Heath Ledger Project

This section of the text involves the death of actor Heath Ledger in 2008. Lin created a compilation of web searches and interviews surrounding the event, along with its relation to the media and how celebrities are portrayed through a screen.

Readers and critics of HEATH point out the fact that upon initial reading, the brain automatically corrects the word "untilted" to "untitled", prompting different analytical suggestions for why Lin decided to title the section as such. Some may see it as a humorous typo and reference to the fact that most readers overlook the spelling of the word, while others can argue the reasoning for the typo using the opposite definition of the word "tilt" (i.e. if tilt means unsteady or slanted, "untilted" would mean steady or firm in agreement).^[1] Additionally, "Untitled Heath Ledger Project" was the title of Christ Norris's New York Times article following Ledger’s death, which coincidentally is another newspaper story that Lin plagiarizes in HEATH.^[5]

a history of the search engine

Lin presents a short history of the search engine and modern-day web browsing, from Archie in 1990 to Google in 1996 to Bing in 2009. The ability to immediately search for information on any topic has started to be considered an art form. Concurrently, in the 23 years that search engines have been around, other web-related forms of searching and storing information have risen, such as news feeds, open directories, and online indexes full of endless information.^[1]

Writer Danny Snelson comments on the fact that Lin uses "a history" rather than "the history", indicating that Lin's a history of the search engine is a collected singular history of the web, and that there could be many other versions or details that were left out. Going along with the repetition of plagiarizing from other works, Lin notes that "no solely paper bound or cloth bound books were used for this work ... articles, quotes, and ideas have been annotated extensively, re-written, and removed from the following online platforms."^[4] Snelson also relates HEATH to Ambience is a Novel with a Logo, written by Lin in 2007, which features a subtitle system consisting of citations in the format of Google search entries which correspond to passages from the body of the text.^[5]

disco OS

Similar to the intentional mistake of "untilted", disco OS creatively misrenders Disk Operation System, translating the computational interface between users, applications, and hardware into the "post-medium" networks of disco.^[5] Once again Lin plagiarized himself from an essay he wrote in 2008 called Disco as Operating System, which linked the generic cultural dance phenomenon to the digital age of programmed language and shed light on the production of the book.^[1]

Uncreative writing

Writers and artists take text, pictures, and other forms of media that have already been written or created and transform them into a completely different work in order to convey or display a different message or meaning. Other "uncreative" artists include Stephanie Burt, Stephanie Barber, and Kenneth Goldsmith. Much like these authors, Lin works around the idea of authorship itself, observing that "as the price of originality has gone down, the price of plagiarism has sky-rocketed."^[6]

Related Research Articles

RSS is a type of web feed which allows users and applications to access updates to websites in a standardized, computer-readable format. These feeds can, for example, allow a user to keep track of many different websites in a single news aggregator. The news aggregator will automatically check the RSS feed for new content, allowing the content to be automatically passed from website to website or from website to user. This passing of content is called web syndication. Websites usually use RSS feeds to publish frequently updated information, such as blog entries, news headlines, or episodes of audio and video series. RSS is also used to distribute podcasts. An RSS document includes full or summarized text, and metadata, like publishing date and author's name.

Web syndication is a form of syndication in which content is made available from one website to other sites. Most commonly, websites are made available to provide either summaries or full renditions of a website's recently added content. The term may also describe other kinds of content licensing for reuse.

The name Atom applies to a pair of related Web standards. The Atom Syndication Format is an XML language used for web feeds, while the Atom Publishing Protocol is a simple HTTP-based protocol for creating and updating web resources.

On the World Wide Web, a web feed is a data format used for providing users with frequently updated content. Content distributors syndicate a web feed, thereby allowing users to subscribe a channel to it. Making a collection of web feeds accessible in one spot is known as aggregation, which is performed by a news aggregator. A web feed is also sometimes referred to as a syndicated feed.

Google AdSense is a program run by Google through which website publishers in the Google Network of content sites serve text, images, video, or interactive media advertisements that are targeted to the site content and audience. These advertisements are administered, sorted, and maintained by Google. They can generate revenue on either a per-click or per-impression basis. Google beta-tested a cost-per-action service, but discontinued it in October 2008 in favor of a DoubleClick offering. In Q1 2014, Google earned US $3.4 billion, or 22% of total revenue, through Google AdSense. AdSense is a participant in the AdChoices program, so AdSense ads typically include the triangle-shaped AdChoices icon. This program also operates on HTTP cookies. Over 11.1 million websites use AdSense.

In computing, a news aggregator, also termed a feed aggregator, feed reader, news reader, RSS reader or simply an aggregator, is client software or a web application which aggregates syndicated web content such as online newspapers, blogs, podcasts, and video blogs (vlogs) in one location for easy viewing. The updates distributed may include journal tables of contents, podcasts, videos, and news items.

Publify is a free, open source blogging engine written in the Ruby programming language, using the Ruby on Rails web application framework released under the MIT License. Publify can use any of the various SQL databases supported by the Ruby on Rails framework.

This is a list of blogging terms. Blogging, like any hobby, has developed something of a specialised vocabulary. The following is an attempt to explain a few of the more common phrases and words, including etymologies when not obvious.

Web content development is the process of researching, writing, gathering, organizing, and editing information for publication on websites. Website content may consist of prose, graphics, pictures, recordings, movies, or other digital assets that could be distributed by a hypertext transfer protocol server, and viewed by a web browser.

RSS Bandit is an open source RSS/Atom aggregator based on the Microsoft .NET framework. It was originally released as a code sample in a series of articles the Extreme XML column written by Dare Obasanjo on MSDN in 2003. The code samples were developed into an open source project. It is currently hosted on SourceForge and the primary contributors are Dare Obasanjo and Torsten Rendelmann.

FeedBurner is a web feed management provider launched in 2004. It provides custom RSS feeds and management tools for bloggers, podcasters, and other web-based content publishers. Google acquired FeedBurner in 2007.

Plagiarism detection is the process of locating instances of plagiarism within a work or document. The widespread use of computers and the advent of the Internet have made it easier to plagiarize the work of others.

RSS tracking is a methodology for tracking RSS feeds.

A term paper is a research paper written by students over an academic term, accounting for a large part of a grade. The online version of Merriam-Webster defined it as "a major writing assignment in a school or college course representative of a student's achievement during a term". Term papers are generally intended to describe an event, a concept, or argue a point. It is a written original work discussing a topic in detail, usually several typed pages in length, and is often due at the end of a semester.

Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions" and the representation of them as one's own original work.

agorum core is a free and open-source Enterprise Content Management system by agorum Software GmbH from Germany. One of the main features is the Document-Network-Share. With that the documents within the ECM are shown as a normal network share. So it is usable like any other fileserver, you can use any program, that is able to access a normal drive. From the users' view the benefit is, that everything is working like before.

PlagTracker is a Ukrainian-based online plagiarism detection service that checks whether similar text content appears elsewhere on the web. It was launched in 2011 by Devellar.

Dănuţ Marcu is a Romanian mathematician and computer scientist, who received his Ph.D. from the University of Bucharest in 1981. He claimed to have authored more than 400 scientific papers.

Re-Editioned Texts: Heart of Darkness is a novel by Stephanie Syjuco, with 12 reproduced versions of Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness. Each version of the novel includes Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness opened in different online sources and printed without any changes. Each version is unique to the other 11. Differences include Font size, Font type, advertisements, and even mistakes.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Book Review: Heath Course Pak" . Retrieved 2015-10-06.
↑ "Tan Lin : The Poetry Foundation". www.poetryfoundation.org. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
1 2 "otoliths" . Retrieved 2015-10-06.
1 2 Lin, Tan (2009). HEATH. Zasterle.
1 2 3 4 5 "(2007) Tan Lin | HEATH, prelude to tracing the actor as network | Danny Snelson (2010-2014)". aphasic-letters.com. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
↑ "Not Reading and Tan Lin's HEATH COURSE PAK" . Retrieved 2015-10-06.

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[:2-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Book Review: Heath Course Pak" . Retrieved 2015-10-06.

[2] "Tan Lin : The Poetry Foundation". www.poetryfoundation.org. Retrieved 2015-10-06.

[:3-3] 1 2 "otoliths" . Retrieved 2015-10-06.

[:0-4] 1 2 Lin, Tan (2009). HEATH. Zasterle.

[:1-5] 1 2 3 4 5 "(2007) Tan Lin | HEATH, prelude to tracing the actor as network | Danny Snelson (2010-2014)". aphasic-letters.com. Retrieved 2015-10-06.

[6] "Not Reading and Tan Lin's HEATH COURSE PAK" . Retrieved 2015-10-06.