Santali, also known as Santal or Santhali, is the most widely-spoken language of the Munda subfamily of the Austroasiatic languages, related to Ho and Mundari, spoken mainly in the Indian states of Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Mizoram, Odisha, Tripura and West Bengal by Santals. It is a recognised regional language of India as per the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. It is spoken by around 7.6 million people in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal, making it the third most-spoken Austroasiatic language after Vietnamese and Khmer.
The Ol Chiki script, also known as Ol Chemetʼ, Ol Ciki, Ol, and sometimes as the Santali alphabet is the official writing system for Santali, an Austroasiatic language recognized as an official regional language in India. It was invented by Pandit Raghunath Murmu in 1925. It has 30 letters, the design of which is intended to evoke natural shapes. The script is written from left to right, and has two styles. Unicode does not maintain a distinction between these two, as is typical for print and cursive variants of a script. In both styles, the script is unicameral.
The shapes of the letters are not arbitrary, but reflect the names for the letters, which are words, usually the names of objects or actions representing conventionalized form in the pictorial shape of the characters.
The Santal are an Austroasiatic-speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar, Assam and Tripura. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali, the most widely spoken Munda languages of Austroasiatic language family.
Pawar is an Indian surname found among the Maratha, Mahar or Koli people in Maharashtra.
Virk is a last name used by Sikhs in Punjab, India, which is based on that of a Jat clan supposedly founded by a Rajput called Virak.
Das is a common last name in South Asia, among adherents of Hinduism and Sikhism, as well as those who converted to Islam or Christianity. It is a derived from the Sanskrit word Dasa meaning servant, devotee, or votary. "Das" may be inferred to be one who has surrendered to God. The surname is often used by those in the Vaishnav community.
Shyam is a name of Krishna and an Indian masculine given name and surname. Notable people with this name include:
Vohra is a surname found amongst Sikhs and Hindus of the Punjabi Khatri community. It is also perhaps a Muslim surname from "bohora" meaning "merchant" in Urdu.
Tudu is a surname found in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. It is also an exogamous clan of the Santal people.
Timotheas Hembrom was an ordained Minister of the Church of North India and an Old Testament Scholar who taught at the Bishop's College, Kolkata, affiliated to the nation's first University, the Senate of Serampore College (University). As a Biblical scholar, Hembrom was a member of the scholarly Society for Biblical Studies in India, with members from the Protestant, Orthodox, Catholic and Charismatic Church societies. He researched on Santali creation traditions and his work was first published in 1996 was simultaneously reviewed in the Indian Journal of Theology and the Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies.
Murmu is a surname indicating a particular clan (paris) of the Santals found in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan.
Arjun Charan Hembram is an Indian writer of Santali language and banker from Odisha. He won Sahitya Akademi Award in 2012.
Kali Charan Hembram is an Indian writer of Santali language and civil servant from Odisha. He won the Sahitya Akademi Award for Santali in 2019.
Kali is an Indian given name and surname of Sanskrit origins from the name Kālá. It is also a Finnish masculine given name that is a form of Kalle. Notable people with this name include the following:
Hansda, also spelled as Hansdah or Hasda or Hansdak; is a surname found in India. It is also an exogamous clan (paris) of the Santal, and an exogamous clan (kili) of the Bhumij, Ho and Munda people. Notable people with the surname include:
Panigrahi is an Indian surname that may refer to the following notable people:
Kisku is a surname indicating a particular clan (paris) of the Santals found in India. Notable people called Kisku include:
Santali literature refers to the literary works written in the Santali language, primarily spoken by the Santal people of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is written in the indigenous script called Ol Chiki script. Santali literature is composed in two broad styles- ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱱᱤ (Kạthni-prose), ᱜᱟᱹᱛᱷᱱᱤ (Gạthni-poetry).In terms of historical development, it is broadly classified into two prominent forms (genres) based on historical passes. They are:
The Santal or Santhal, are a Munda ethnic group native to South Asia mostly in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. The Santal people speak Santali language is the most widely spoken tribal languages.
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