House of Olivares

Last updated April 07, 2019

The House of Olivares is a Spanish noble house originating in the Crown of Castile. It is a cadet branch of the House of Medina Sidonia, originating in the sixteenth century.

Spanish nobles are persons who possess the legal status of hereditary nobility according to the laws and traditions of the Spanish monarchy and those who hold personal nobility as bestowed by one of the three highest orders of knighthood of the Kingdom, namely the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. A system of titles and honours of Spain and of the former kingdoms that constitute it comprise the Spanish nobility. Some nobles possess various titles that may be inherited, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally a prerogative of the King of Spain.

The Crown of Castile was a medieval state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the personal union in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs up to the promulgation of the Nueva Planta decrees by Philip V in 1715.

In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch or patriarch's younger sons (cadets). In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets—realm, titles, fiefs, property and income—have historically been passed from a father to his firstborn son in what is known as primogeniture; younger sons—cadets—inherited less wealth and authority to pass to future generations of descendants.

Historically, the house possessed the lordships of Olivares, Seville; Heliche; Albaida del Aljarafe; Camas, Seville; Castilleja de Guzmán; Castilleja de la Cuesta; Salteras; and Tomares. The most prominent member of the House of Olivares was Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, the favourite of Philip IV of Spain.

Olivares is a city located in the province of Seville, Spain. According to the 2016 census (INE), the city has a population of 9480 inhabitants.

The Province of Seville is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is bordered by the provinces of Málaga, Cádiz in the south, Huelva in the west, Badajoz in the north and Córdoba in the east. Seville is the province's as well as the Andalusian autonomous community's capital.

Albaida del Aljarafe is a municipality in Seville. It had a population of approximately 3,084 people in 2013, up from 2,231 in 2005. It has architecture from the Roman and pre-Roman eras. Much of its industry is agricultural, with the main crop being olives.

Constitution of the House of Olivares

The House of Olivares was constituted in 1539 when Charles I of Spain granted Pedro Pérez de Guzmán, son of Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia, the title of Count of Olivares (Spanish conde de Olivares). The title comes from the municipality of Olivares in Seville, which was already owned by Pedro Pérez de Guzmán.

Pedro Pérez de Guzmán y Zúñiga was the founder of the House of Olivares, a cadet branch of the House of Medina Sidonia.

Don Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán y Afán de Ribera, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia inherited the title in 1492, aged 28. In 1502, as Gibraltar was transferred to the Crown, the Marquisate of Gibraltar disappeared.

Spanish or Castilian is a Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in the Americas and Spain. It is a global language and the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese.

Counts of Olivares

Pedro Pérez de Guzmán, 1st Count of Olivares
Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Count of Olivares (1540–1607)
Gaspar de Guzmán, 3rd Count of Olivares (1587–1645), who became 1st Count-Duke of Olivares in 1625

Enrique de Guzmán y Ribera, 2nd Count of Olivares was a Spanish nobleman and statesman.

Count-Dukes of Olivares

In 1625, Philip IV of Spain granted Gaspar de Guzmán, 3rd Count of Olivares, the Duchy of Sanlúcar, at which point he assumed the title of Count-Duke of Olivares (Spanish: conde-duque de Olivares).

Philip IV of Spain was King of Spain and Portugal as Philip III. He ascended the thrones in 1621 and reigned in Spain until his death and in Portugal until 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War.

Sanlúcar la Mayor is a municipality in the province of Seville, southern Spain. The municipality is the location of the Solucar Complex.

Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares (1587–1645)
Enrique Felipe de Guzmán, 2nd Count-Duke of Olivares
Gaspar Felipe de Guzmán, 3rd Marquis of Eliche
Luis Méndez de Haro, 6th Marquis of Carpio (1598–1661)
Gaspar Méndez de Haro, 7th Marquis of Carpio (1629–1687)
Catalina Méndez de Haro, 8th Marchioness of Carpio
María Teresa Álvarez de Toledo, 11th Duchess of Alba
Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba (1714–1776)
María del Pilar de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba (1762–1802)
Carlos Miguel Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Alba (1794–1835)
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alba
Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Alba
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba (1878–1953)
Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba (1926-2014)
Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba (b. 1948)

Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, 1st Duke of Sanlúcar, 3d Count of Olivares, GE, KOA known as the Count-Duke of Olivares was a Spanish royal favourite of Philip IV and minister. As prime minister from 1621 to 1643, he over-exerted Spain in foreign affairs and unsuccessfully attempted domestic reform. His policy of committing Spain to recapture Holland led to a renewal of the Eighty Years' War while Spain was also embroiled in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). In addition, his attempts to centralise power and increase wartime taxation led to revolts in Catalonia and in Portugal, which brought about his downfall.

Enrique Felipe de Guzmán, 2nd Count-Duke of Olivares was the illegitimate son of Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, who was legitimated in 1642 and who inherited the title of Count-Duke of Olivares.

Luis Méndez de Haro, 6th Marquis of Carpio or Luis Méndez de Haro y Guzmán, Grandee of Spain,, , was a Spanish nobleman, political figure and general.

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References

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