Hugh Clifford | |
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19th Governor of the Straits Settlements | |
In office 3 June 1927 –21 October 1929 | |
Monarch | George V |
Preceded by | Sir Laurence Guillemard |
Succeeded by | Sir John Scott (Acting) Sir Cecil Clementi |
24th Governor of British Ceylon | |
In office 30 November 1925 –June 1927 | |
Monarch | George V |
Preceded by | Edward Bruce Alexander (Acting) |
Succeeded by | Arthur George Murchison Fletcher (Acting) |
Governor of Nigeria | |
In office 8 August 1919 –13 November 1925 | |
Monarch | George V |
Preceded by | Sir Frederick Lugard (Governor-General of Nigeria) |
Succeeded by | Sir Graeme Thomson |
Governor of Gold Coast | |
In office 26 December 1912 –1 April 1919 | |
Monarch | George V |
Preceded by | James Jamieson Thorburn Herbert Bryan (Acting) |
Succeeded by | Alexander Ransford Slater |
Acting Governor of British Ceylon | |
In office 11 July 1907 –24 August 1907 | |
Monarch | Edward VII |
Preceded by | Henry Arthur Blake |
Succeeded by | Henry Edward McCallum |
Governor of North Borneo | |
In office 1900–1901 | |
Monarch | Queen Victoria |
Preceded by | Leicester P. Beaufort |
Succeeded by | Ernest W. Birch |
Personal details | |
Born | Roehampton,London,England,United Kingdom | 5 March 1866
Died | 18 December 1941 75) Roehampton,London,England,United Kingdom | (aged
Spouses | |
Children | Hugh Gilbert Francis Clifford (son) Mary Agnes Philippa Clifford (daughter) Monica Elizabeth Mary Clifford (daughter) |
Parents |
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Profession | Colonial administrator |
Sir Hugh Charles Clifford, GCMG , GBE (5 March 1866 – 18 December 1941) was a British colonial administrator.
Clifford was born in Roehampton, London, the sixth of the eight children of Major-General Sir Henry Hugh Clifford and his wife Josephine Elizabeth, née Anstice; his grandfather was Hugh Clifford, 7th Baron Clifford of Chudleigh.
Clifford married Minna à Beckett, daughter of Gilbert Arthur à Beckett, on 15 April 1896, and they had one son and two daughters: Hugh Gilbert Francis Clifford, Mary Agnes Philippa and Monica Elizabeth Mary. Minna Clifford died on 14 January 1907.
On 24 September 1910 Hugh Clifford remarried, to Elizabeth Lydia Rosabelle Bonham, [1] CBE, [2] daughter of Edward Bonham of Bramling, Kent, a British consul. A Catholic, she was the widow of Henry Philip Ducarel de la Pasture of Llandogo Priory, Monmouthshire. Clifford thus became stepfather to E. M. Delafield, author of the Provincial Lady series.
Hugh Clifford intended to follow his father, Sir Henry Hugh Clifford, a distinguished British Army general, into the military, but later decided to join the civil service in the Straits Settlements, with the assistance of his relative Sir Frederick Weld, the then Governor of the Straits Settlements and also the British High Commissioner in Malaya. He was later transferred to the British Protectorate of the Federated Malay States. Clifford arrived in Malaya in 1883, aged 17. [3]
He first became a cadet in the State of Perak. During his twenty years there and on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula in Pahang, Clifford socialised with the local Malays and studied their language and culture deeply. He came to sympathise strongly with and admire certain aspects of the traditional indigenous cultures, while recognising that their transformation as a consequence of the colonial project which he served was inevitable. He was a Government agent of Pahang (1887-1888), Superintendent of Ulu Pahang (1889), served as British Resident at Pahang, 1896–1900 and 1901–1903, and Governor of North Borneo, 1900–1901. [3]
In 1903, he left Malaya to take the post of Colonial Secretary of Trinidad and Tobago. Later he was appointed Governor of British Ceylon (1907-1912), Governor of the Gold Coast, 1912–1919, Nigeria, 1919–1925, and Ceylon, 1925–1927. [3] During his service in Malaya and afterwards he wrote numerous stories, reflections and novels primarily about Malayan life, many of them imbued with an ambivalent nostalgia. His last posting was, for him, a welcome return to the Malaya he loved, as Governor of the Straits Settlements and British High Commissioner in Malaya, where he served from 1927 until 1929, after which Lady Clifford's ill-health forced his retirement. [3] Alongside his other books he wrote Farther India , which chronicles European explorations and discoveries in Southeast Asia.
Several schools in Malaysia are named Clifford School in his honour, such as;
Clifford is briefly referred to in V. S. Naipaul's The Mimic Men. [4] Though he was Colonial Secretary of Trinidad and Tobago (second in command to the Governor), in the book he is named as a former Governor of Isabella, a fictitious Caribbean island based on Trinidad.
Clifford Pier in Singapore was built between 1927 and 1933, and was named after Sir Hugh Clifford when he was the former Governor of the Straits Settlements between 1927 and 1930. It was opened on 3 June 1933. [5]
Clifford was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1909, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in the 1921 Birthday Honours, [6] and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) in 1925.
Clifford died peacefully on 18 December 1941 in his native Roehampton. His widow, Elizabeth, died on 30 October 1945.
The Straits Settlements were a group of British territories located in Southeast Asia. Originally established in 1826 as part of the territories controlled by the British East India Company, the Straits Settlements came under British Raj control in 1858 and then under direct British control as a Crown colony on 1 April 1867. In 1946, following the end of the Second World War and the Japanese occupation, the colony was dissolved as part of Britain's reorganisation of its Southeast Asian dependencies in the area.
The Malayan Union was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administration. Following opposition by the ethnic Malays, the union was reorganised as the Federation of Malaya in 1948.
The Federated Malay States was a federation of four protected states in the Malay Peninsula—Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang—established by the British government in 1896, which lasted until 1946, when they, together with two of the former Straits Settlements and the Unfederated Malay States, formed the Malayan Union. Two years later, the Union became the Federation of Malaya, which achieved independence in 1957, and finally Malaysia in 1963 with the inclusion of North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore.
States of Malaya has a number of possible meanings:
The Cameron Highlands is a district in Pahang, Malaysia, occupying an area of 712.18 square kilometres (274.97 sq mi). To the north, its boundary touches that of Kelantan; to the west, it shares part of its border with Perak. Situated at the northwestern tip of Pahang, Cameron Highlands is approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) east from Ipoh, roughly 200 kilometres (120 mi) north from Kuala Lumpur or about 355 kilometres (221 mi) from Kuantan, the capital of Pahang. It is the smallest municipality in the state.
Sir Frank Athelstane Swettenham was a British colonial administrator who became the first Resident general of the Federated Malay States, which brought the Malay states of Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang together under the administration of a Resident-General based in Kuala Lumpur. He served from 1 July 1896 to 4 November 1901. He was also an amateur painter, photographer and antique collector.
The term "British Malaya" loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century. Unlike the term "British India", which excludes the Indian princely states, British Malaya is often used to refer to the Federated and the Unfederated Malay States, which were British protectorates with their own local rulers, as well as the Straits Settlements, which were under the sovereignty and direct rule of the British Crown, after a period of control by the East India Company.
Ishak Haji Muhammad, better known as Pak Sako, was a Malaysian writer, active in the 1930s until the 1950s. He was a nationalist and his involvement began before independence and continued thereafter. He fought for the idea of the unification of Melayu Raya where Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei are united in one collective.
Sir Richard Olaf Winstedt, or more commonly R. O. Winstedt, was an English Orientalist and colonial administrator with expertise in British Malaya.
The chief secretary of Singapore, known as the colonial secretary of Singapore before 1955, and the colonial secretary of the Straits Settlements before 1946, was a high ranking government official position in the Straits Settlements before 1946 and the Colony of Singapore after 1946, between 1867 and 1959. It was second only to the governor of Singapore, formerly the governor of the Straits Settlements in the colonial government.
Arthur Benison Hubback was an English architect and soldier who designed several important buildings in British Malaya, in both Indo-Saracenic architecture and European "Wrenaissance" styles. Major works credited to him include Kuala Lumpur railway station, Ubudiah Mosque, Jamek Mosque, National Textile Museum, Panggung Bandaraya DBKL, Ipoh railway station, and Kowloon railway station.
Emily or Emma Sadka was an Iraqi-Singaporean historian and researcher specialising in the Political History of the Malayan region, which she taught at the University of Malaya (Singapore) and in Australian universities.
This article lists important figures and events in the public affairs of British Malaya during the year 1938, together with births and deaths of prominent Malayans.
This article lists important figures and events in the public affairs of British Malaya during the year 1937, together with births and deaths of prominent Malayans.
This article lists important figures and events in the public affairs of British Malaya during the year 1930, together with births and deaths of prominent Malayans.
George Hemmant was a colonial administrator. He joined the Malayan Civil Service and was a cadet on 27 November 1903. He served most of his civil service career in Federated Malay States and Straits Settlements.
Edward Shaw Hose, was a colonial administrator. He served his civil service career in Federated Malay States and Straits Settlements and was the British Resident of Negri Sembilan and Colonial Secretary of Straits Settlements.
Sir Alexander Sym Small was a colonial administrator. He joined the Malayan Civil Service and was a cadet in January 1911 and served most of his Civil Service career in Federated Malay States (FMS) and Straits Settlements (SS). He retired as the Colonial Secretary of Straits Settlements in 1940.
Stanley Wilson Jones was a colonial administrator. He was a cadet of Malayan Civil Service in 1911 and spent his civil service career in Federated Malay States and Straits Settlements. He was the British Resident of Selangor and Colonial Secretary of Straits Settlements.