Hybridisation in terns

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Hybridisation in terns is not as frequent as in gulls;[ citation needed ] however, some mixed pairings have been noted. [1]

Contents

Marsh terns ( Chlidonias sp.)

Hybridisation between white-winged black tern (C. leucopterus) and black tern (C. niger) has been recorded from Sweden [2] and the Netherlands. [3] Two juvenile birds at Chew Valley Lake, England, in September 1978 and September 1981, were also believed to be hybrids; they showed mixed characteristics of the two species, specifically a combination of a dark mantle (a feature of white-winged black) with dark patches on the breast-side (a feature of black tern, not shown by white-winged black). [4] [5]

Sternula sp.

Hybrids between little tern (S. albifrons) and fairy tern (S. neresis) have been found in Australia. The two species formerly had discrete ranges, but range expansion after 1968 has led to overlapping range and shared colonies. [6]

Sterna sp.

This genus contains the highest number of reported hybrids among the terns. [1] Hybrids between the common tern (S. hirundo) and its congeners, including the roseate tern (S. dougallii) [7] [8] and arctic tern (S. paradisaea) [9] have occurred where their ranges overlap. A hybrid roseate × arctic tern was reported from Country Island, Nova Scotia in 1996. [10] Hybridisation between Forster's tern (S. forsteri) × arctic tern has been reported from Hayward Regional Shoreline, California. [11] Genetic analysis has indicated that black-naped tern (S. sumatrana) × roseate tern hybridisation may have occurred in the ancestry of a sequenced individual, but no morphological characteristics indicated that the individual was a hybrid. [12]

Thalasseus sp.

Four hybrid pairings have been documented within this genus: [1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Ottenburghs, Jente; Nisbet, Ian C.T. (2025). "Hybridization in terns: a review". Marine Ornithology. 53 (1): 79–85.
  2. ↑ (in Swedish) Alexandersson, H. (1979) En hybridisering mellan vitvingad tärna Childonias leucopterus och svarttärna Childonias niger på Öland 1978 Calidris 8: 151-53
  3. ↑ (in Dutch) Van IJzendoorn, E. J. (1980) Broedgeval van Zwarte Childonias niger × Witvleugelstern C. leucopterus Dutch Birding 2: 62-65
  4. ↑ Vinicombe, Keith (1980) Tern showing mixed characters of Black Tern and White-winged Black Tern British Birds 73(5): 223-25
  5. ↑ Davis, A. H. (1982) Tern showing mixed characters of Black and White-winged Black Tern British Birds 75(12): 579-80
  6. ↑ Cox, J.B.; Close, D.H. (1977). "Interbreeding of little and fairy terns". Emu. 77 (1): 28–32.
  7. ↑ Hays, Helen (1975). "Probable Common X Roseate Tern Hybrids". The Auk. 92 (2): 219–234.
  8. ↑ Zingo, J.M.; Church, C.A.; Spandelow, J.A. (1994). "Two hybrid common x roseate terns fledge at Falkner Island, Connecticut". The Connecticut Warbler. 14 (2): 50–55.
  9. ↑ Mostello, Carolyn S.; LaFlamme, Derek; Szczys, Patricia (2016). "Common Tern Sterna hirundo and Arctic Tern S. paradisaea hybridization produces fertile offspring" (PDF). Seabird. 29: 39–65.
  10. ↑ Whittam, Rebecca M. (1998). "Interbreeding of Roseate and Arctic Terns". Wilson Bulletin. 110 (1): 65–70.
  11. ↑ Robertson, Don; Rottenborn, Stephen C.; Terrill, Scott B.; Singer, Daniel S. (1999). "Middle Pacific Coast Region". North American Birds. 53 (4) 27.
  12. ↑ Lashko, Anna (2004). Population genetic relationships in the roseate tern: globally, regionally and locally (PDF). Ph.D Thesis - James Cook University.
  13. ↑ Chen, Lin; He, Fengi (2011). "Are they hybrids of Sterna bergii × Sterna bernsteini?". Chinese Birds. 2 (3): 152–156. doi:10.5122/CBIRDS.2011.0018.
  14. ↑ Yang, Jia; Chen, Guoling; Yuan, Leyang; Huang, Qin; Fan, Zhongyong; Lu, Yiwei; Liu, Yang; Chen, Shuihua (2018). "Genetic evidence of hybridization of the world's most endangered tern, the Chinese Crested Tern Thalasseus bernsteini". Ibis. 160 (4): 900–906.
  15. ↑ Dies, J. L.; Dies, B. (1998). "Hybridisation between Lesser Crested and Sandwich terns in Valencia, Spain, and plumage of offspring". British Birds. 91: 165–170.
  16. ↑ Dufour, Paul; Gernigon, Julien; Crochet, Pierre-André (2021). "Identification and occurrence of hybrids Elegant x Sandwich Tern in Europe". Dutch Birding. 43: 249–256.
  17. ↑ Collins, Charles T. (1997). "Hybridization of a Sandwich and Elegant Tern in California". Western Birds. 28 (3) 4.
  18. ↑ Paul, Richard T.; Paul, Ann F.; Pranty, Bill; Hodgson, Ann B.; Powell, David J. (2003). "Probable Hybridization Between Elegant Tern and Sandwich Tern in West-central Florida: the First North American Nesting Record of Elegant Tern Away from the Pacific Coast". North American Birds. 57 (2) 38.
  19. ↑ Velarde, E.; Rojo, P. (2012). "Presumed Hybrid Elegant X Cabot's Terns Thalasseus elegans X T. acuflavida in Isla Rasa, Gulf of California, Mexico". Marine Ornithology. 40 (1) 4. doi:10.5038/2074-1235.40.1.957.
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