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In computer network engineering, an Internet Standard is a normative specification of a technology or methodology applicable to the Internet. Internet Standards are created and published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). They allow interoperation of hardware and software from different sources which allows internets to function. As the Internet became global, Internet Standards became the lingua franca of worldwide communications.
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion, and was intended to replace IPv4. In December 1998, IPv6 became a Draft Standard for the IETF, which subsequently ratified it as an Internet Standard on 14 July 2017.
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the Internet.
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP). Early versions of this networking model were known as the Department of Defense (DoD) model because the research and development were funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA.
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the Internet Protocol (IP). Therefore, the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of octets (bytes) between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network. Major internet applications such as the World Wide Web, email, remote administration, and file transfer rely on TCP, which is part of the Transport layer of the TCP/IP suite. SSL/TLS often runs on top of TCP.
In computer networking, the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core communication protocols of the Internet protocol suite used to send messages to other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. Within an IP network, UDP does not require prior communication to set up communication channels or data paths.
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. The technique was originally used to bypass the need to assign a new address to every host when a network was moved, or when the upstream Internet service provider was replaced, but could not route the network's address space. It has become a popular and essential tool in conserving global address space in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. One Internet-routable IP address of a NAT gateway can be used for an entire private network.
Zero-configuration networking (zeroconf) is a set of technologies that automatically creates a usable computer network based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) when computers or network peripherals are interconnected. It does not require manual operator intervention or special configuration servers. Without zeroconf, a network administrator must set up network services, such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS), or configure each computer's network settings manually.
Multihoming is the practice of connecting a host or a computer network to more than one network. This can be done in order to increase reliability or performance.
In computer networking, Teredo is a transition technology that gives full IPv6 connectivity for IPv6-capable hosts that are on the IPv4 Internet but have no native connection to an IPv6 network. Unlike similar protocols such as 6to4, it can perform its function even from behind network address translation (NAT) devices such as home routers.
Anything In Anything (AYIYA) is a computer networking protocol for managing IP tunneling protocols in use between separated Internet Protocol networks. It is most often used to provide IPv6 transit over an IPv4 network link when network address translation masquerades a private network with a single IP address that may change frequently because of DHCP provisioning by Internet service providers.
A middlebox is a computer networking device that transforms, inspects, filters, and manipulates traffic for purposes other than packet forwarding. Examples of middleboxes include firewalls, network address translators (NATs), load balancers, and deep packet inspection (DPI) devices.
6LoWPAN was a working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It was created with the intention of applying the Internet Protocol (IP) even to the smallest devices, enabling low-power devices with limited processing capabilities to participate in the Internet of Things.
An IPv6 transition mechanism is a technology that facilitates the transitioning of the Internet from the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) infrastructure in use since 1983 to the successor addressing and routing system of Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). As IPv4 and IPv6 networks are not directly interoperable, transition technologies are designed to permit hosts on either network type to communicate with any other host.
A unique local address (ULA) is an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address in the address range fc00::/7. These addresses are non-globally reachable. For this reason, ULAs are somewhat analogous to IPv4 private network addressing, but with significant differences. Unique local addresses may be used freely, without centralized registration, inside a single site or organization or spanning a limited number of sites or organizations.
Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) is a "map-and-encapsulate" protocol which is developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force LISP Working Group. The basic idea behind the separation is that the Internet architecture combines two functions, routing locators and identifiers in one number space: the IP address. LISP supports the separation of the IPv4 and IPv6 address space following a network-based map-and-encapsulate scheme. In LISP, both identifiers and locators can be IP addresses or arbitrary elements like a set of GPS coordinates or a MAC address.
The Babel routing protocol is a distance-vector routing protocol for Internet Protocol packet-switched networks that is designed to be robust and efficient on both wireless mesh networks and wired networks. Babel is described in RFC 8966.
IPv4 Residual Deployment (4rd) is an IPv6 transition mechanism for Internet service providers for deployment of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), while maintaining IPv4 service to customers. The protocol and sample applications are specified in RFC 7600.
Allison Mankin is an American computer scientist and prominent figure in the area of Internet governance. She previously served as the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) Chair and holds numerous leadership positions within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is known for developing Internet standards.
References
- ↑ "Explaining China's IPv9". circleid.com. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
- ↑ Leyden, John (2004-07-06). "China disowns IPv9 hype". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
- ↑ Lai, Yufeng; Wang, Zhongsheng; Xie, Jianping; Cheng, Xiaowei (September 2019). "Research and Design of Next Generation Internet Address Coding". 2019 International Conference on Computer Network, Electronic and Automation (ICCNEA). Xi'an, China: IEEE. pp. 171–175. doi:10.1109/ICCNEA.2019.00041. ISBN 978-1-7281-3977-7. S2CID 208634010.
- ↑ Sun, Huai; Wang, Zhongsheng (September 2020). "Research on Shortest Routing Algorithm of IPV9". 2020 International Conference on Computer Network, Electronic and Automation (ICCNEA). Xi'an, China: IEEE. pp. 234–239. doi:10.1109/ICCNEA50255.2020.00055. ISBN 978-1-7281-7083-1. S2CID 226852023.
- ↑ CN 2591884,Pan, Xuezeng; Ping, Lingdi& Xie, Jianping,"New generation IPV9 protocol router",published 2003-12-10, assigned to University of Zhejiang, now expired.
- ↑ Chong, Jiao; Wang, Zhongsheng; Xie, Jianping; Xu, Yinqiu (September 2019). "Research on the Address Structure of Decimal Network". 2019 International Conference on Computer Network, Electronic and Automation (ICCNEA). pp. 180–185. doi:10.1109/ICCNEA.2019.00043. ISBN 978-1-7281-3977-7. S2CID 208631130.
- ↑ Li, Hui; Yang, Xin (2021), "Architecture of Sovereignty Network", Co-governed Sovereignty Network, Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 61–94, doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-2670-8_3 , ISBN 978-981-16-2669-2
- ↑ Yury, Halavachou; Xu, Fei (2020). "Comparison Research on Future Network Between IPv4, IPv6 and IPV9". International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls. 5 (1): 28–35. doi: 10.21307/ijanmc-2020-005 . ISSN 2470-8038. S2CID 216514425.
- ↑ "RFC 1347: TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses (TUBA), A Simple Proposal for Internet Addressing and Routing". IETF Datatracker. 1992-06-01. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
- ↑ "RFC 1606: A Historical Perspective On The Usage Of IP Version 9". IETF Datatracker. 1994-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
