ISO/TS 80004

Last updated

The ISO/TS 80004 series of standards, from the International Organization for Standardization, describe vocabulary for nanotechnology and its applications. These were largely motivated by health, safety and environment concerns, many of them originally elaborated by Eric Drexler in his 1985 Engines of Creation [ original research? ] and echoed in more recent research. [1] The ISO standards simply describe vocabulary or terminology by which a number of critical discussions between members of various stakeholder communities, including the public and political leaders, can begin. Drexler, in Chapter 15 of his 1985 work, explained how such consultation and the evolution of new social media and mechanisms to make objective scientific determinations regardless of political and industrial and public pressures, would be important to the evolution of the field. Nonetheless, it took a quarter-century for the ISO to agree and eventually standardize on this terminology.[ original research? ]

Contents

Reviews of the field [2] often need to distinct various definitions of nanomaterials vs. mesomaterials, nanoscale objects from nanostructured materials (including nanoporous materials), and other confused terms. The intent of the ISO standards is to remove most potential for terminology clash especially when dealing with international regulatory synchronization. The standard currently consists of 11 published parts, while more parts are under preparation which addresses graphene and quantum phenomena.

ISO/TR 18401 provides plain language explanations of selected terms from the ISO 80004 series. [3]

The standards parts

ISO/TS 80004-7:2011 provides consistent and unambiguous use of terms for healthcare professionals, manufacturers, consumers, technologists, patent agents, regulators, NGOs, and researchers, etc.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanotechnology</span> Field of applied science involving control of matter on atomic and (supra)molecular scales

Nanotechnology, often shortened to nanotech, is the use of matter on atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scales for industrial purposes. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defined nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanomaterials</span> Materials whose granular size lies between 1 and 100 nm

Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized between 1 and 100 nm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanostructure</span> Nanoscale structure of material

A nanostructure is a structure of intermediate size between microscopic and molecular structures. Nanostructural detail is microstructure at nanoscale.

Nanomanufacturing is both the production of nanoscaled materials, which can be powders or fluids, and the manufacturing of parts "bottom up" from nanoscaled materials or "top down" in smallest steps for high precision, used in several technologies such as laser ablation, etching and others. Nanomanufacturing differs from molecular manufacturing, which is the manufacture of complex, nanoscale structures by means of nonbiological mechanosynthesis.

The impact of nanotechnology extends from its medical, ethical, mental, legal and environmental applications, to fields such as engineering, biology, chemistry, computing, materials science, and communications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanometrology</span> Metrology of nanomaterials

Nanometrology is a subfield of metrology, concerned with the science of measurement at the nanoscale level. Nanometrology has a crucial role in order to produce nanomaterials and devices with a high degree of accuracy and reliability in nanomanufacturing.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nanotechnology:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pollution from nanomaterials</span>

The International Organization for Standardization defines Engineered Nanomaterials, or ENMS, as materials with external dimensions between 1 and 100nm, the nanoscale, or having an internal surface structure at these dimensions. Nanoparticles can be both incidental and engineered. Incidental nanoparticles include particles from dust storms, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and ocean water evaporation. Engineered nanoparticles (EMMs) are nanoparticles that are made for use in cosmetics or pharmaceuticals like ZnO and TiO2. They are also found from sources such as cigarette smoke and building demolition. Engineered nanoparticles have become increasingly important for many applications in consumer and industrial products, which has resulted in an increased presence in the environment. This proliferation has instigated a growing body of research into the effects of nanoparticles on the environment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Characterization of nanoparticles</span> Measurement of physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles

The characterization of nanoparticles is a branch of nanometrology that deals with the characterization, or measurement, of the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles measure less than 100 nanometers in at least one of their external dimensions, and are often engineered for their unique properties. Nanoparticles are unlike conventional chemicals in that their chemical composition and concentration are not sufficient metrics for a complete description, because they vary in other physical properties such as size, shape, surface properties, crystallinity, and dispersion state.

References

  1. ↑ ISO consensus definitions relevant to nanomaterials and nanotechnologies Archived 2014-02-03 at the Wayback Machine European Commission, 29th and 30th March 2011
  2. ↑ Nantotechnology: A Guide to Nano-Objects American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), May 2011
  3. ↑ "ISO/TR 18401: Nanotechnologies — Plain language explanation of selected terms from the ISO/IEC 80004 series". International Organization for Standardization. 2017. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  4. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-1:2015
  5. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-2:2015
  6. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-3:2010
  7. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-4:2011
  8. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-5:2011
  9. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-6:2013
  10. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-7:2011
  11. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-8:2013
  12. ↑ IEC/TS 80004-9:2017
  13. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-11:2017
  14. ↑ ISO/TS 80004-12:2016
  15. ↑ ISO/TR 13121:2011
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.