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Hydrocodone, also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semi-synthetic opioid used to treat pain and as a cough suppressant. It is taken by mouth. Typically it is dispensed as the combination acetaminophen/hydrocodone or ibuprofen/hydrocodone for pain severe enough to require an opioid and in combination with homatropine methylbromide to relieve cough. It is also available by itself in a long-acting form sold under the brand name Zohydro ER, among others, to treat severe pain of a prolonged duration. Hydrocodone is a controlled drug: in the United States a Schedule II Controlled Substance.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, decreases inflammation, decreases fever, and prevents blood clots. Side effects depend on the specific drug, its dose and duration of use, but largely include an increased risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeds, heart attack, and kidney disease.
An antipyretic is a substance that reduces fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. It is a widely used over-the-counter medication. Common brand names include Tylenol and Panadol.
Tylenol is a brand of medication, advertised for reducing pain, reducing fever, and relieving the symptoms of allergies, cold, cough, headache, and influenza. The active ingredient of its original flagship product is paracetamol, an analgesic and antipyretic. Like the words paracetamol and acetaminophen, the brand name Tylenol is derived from a chemical name for the compound, N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP). The brand name is owned by McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a subsidiary of Kenvue.
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation. This includes painful menstrual periods, migraines, and rheumatoid arthritis. It may also be used to close a patent ductus arteriosus in a premature baby. It can be taken orally or intravenously. It typically begins working within an hour.
Advil is primarily a brand of Ibuprofen. Advil has been called a "megabrand" because it offers various "products for a wide range of pain, head cold, and sleep problems."
Oxycodone/paracetamol, sold under the brand name Percocet among others, is a fixed-dose combination of the opioid oxycodone with paracetamol (acetaminophen), used to treat moderate to severe pain.
Anti-inflammatory or antiphlogistic is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of analgesics. These drugs remedy pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain signaling to the brain.
Dihydrocodeine is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic prescribed for pain or severe dyspnea, or as an antitussive, either alone or compounded with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or aspirin. It was developed in Germany in 1908 and first marketed in 1911.
Excedrin is an over-the-counter headache pain reliever, typically in the form of tablets or caplets. It contains paracetamol, aspirin and caffeine. It was manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb until it was purchased by Novartis in July 2005 along with other products from BMS's over-the-counter business. As of March 2015, GSK holds majority ownership of Excedrin through a joint venture transaction with Novartis. On July 18, 2022, GSK spun off its consumer healthcare business to Haleon.
Dextropropoxyphene is an analgesic in the opioid category, patented in 1955 and manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company. It is an optical isomer of levopropoxyphene. It is intended to treat mild pain and also has antitussive and local anaesthetic effects. The drug has been taken off the market in Europe and the US due to concerns of fatal overdoses and heart arrhythmias. It is still available in Australia, albeit with restrictions after an application by its manufacturer to review its proposed banning. Its onset of analgesia is said to be 20–30 minutes and peak effects are seen about 1.5–2.0 hours after oral administration.
Codeine/paracetamol, also called codeine/acetaminophen and co-codamol, is a compound analgesic, comprising codeine phosphate and paracetamol (acetaminophen). Codeine/paracetamol is used for the relief of mild to moderate pain when paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone do not sufficiently relieve symptoms.
Butalbital/acetaminophen, sold under the brand name Butapap among others, is a combination medication used to treat tension headaches and migraine headaches. It contains butalbital, a barbiturate and paracetamol (acetaminophen), an analgesic. Versions also containing caffeine are sold under the brand name Fioricet among others. It is taken by mouth. The combination is also sold with codeine.
Hydrocodone/paracetamol is the combination of the pain medications hydrocodone and paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is taken by mouth. Recreational use is common in the United States.
Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. It is found naturally in the sap of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children. In Europe, it is not recommended as a cough medicine in those under 12 years of age. It is generally taken by mouth. It typically starts working after half an hour, with maximum effect at two hours. Its effects last for about four to six hours. Codeine exhibits abuse potential similar to other opioid medications, including a risk of habituation and overdose.
Encaprin was a brand of safety-coated aspirin capsules made by Procter & Gamble in the mid-1980s through its Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals division. In 1986, the brand was involved in a cyanide poisoning hoax, and its sales never recovered.
Hydrocodone/ibuprofen (INNs), sold under the brand name Vicoprofen, is a fixed-dose combination analgesic medication used in short-term therapy to relieve severe pain. Vicoprofen combines the analgesic and antitussive properties of hydrocodone with the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of ibuprofen. In contrast to hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination analgesics such as Vicodin, this hydrocodone/ibuprofen avoids some of the liver toxicity which may occur from acetaminophen, but still presents significant dangers in hydrocodone overdose, namely respiratory depression. Vicoprofen is supplied in a fixed dose combination tablet which contains hydrocodone bitartrate, USP 7.5 mg with ibuprofen, USP 200 mg. Additional strengths of generic Vicoprofen are now available, in combinations of 5 mg/200 mg and 10 mg/200 mg respectively.
Tramadol/paracetamol, also known as tramadol/acetaminophen and sold under the brand name Ultracet among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It contains tramadol, as the hydrochloride, an analgesic; and paracetamol an analgesic. It is taken by mouth.
References
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- ↑ "Nuromol Dual Action Pain Relief 200mg/500mg tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 15 June 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ↑ "Nuromol Pain Relief 200mg/500mg Film Coated Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 15 June 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ↑ "Nuromol public assessment report". GOV.UK. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ↑ "Nuromol Dual Action Pain Relief 200mg/500mg tablets (ibuprofen/paracetamol): public consultation". GOV.UK. 13 May 2021. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- 1 2 "Advil Dual Action with Acetaminophen- ibuprofen, acetaminophen tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 1 December 2021. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
- 1 2 3 "Combogesic- acetaminophen and ibuprofen tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 9 March 2023. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ↑ "Combogesic IV- acetaminophen and ibuprofen injection injection". DailyMed. 29 April 2024. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ↑ "Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 29 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
- ↑ "First Generic Drug Approvals 2023". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 30 May 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
- 1 2 "Combiflam". drugs.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- ↑ Ong CK, Seymour RA, Lirk P, Merry AF (April 2010). "Combining paracetamol (acetaminophen) with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: a qualitative systematic review of analgesic efficacy for acute postoperative pain". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 110 (4): 1170–9. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181cf9281 . PMID 20142348. S2CID 7948680.
- ↑ Moore RA, Derry C (January 2013). "Efficacy of OTC analgesics". International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement. 67 (178): 21–5. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12054 . PMID 23163544. S2CID 205184492.
- ↑ "Combiflam". Sanofi India. 28 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
- ↑ "Advil Dual Action: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
- ↑ "Drug Approval Package: Advil Dual Action with Acetaminophen". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
- ↑ "FDA approves GSK's Advil Dual Action with Acetaminophen for over-the-counter use in the United States" (Press release). GSK Consumer Healthcare. 28 February 2020. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020– via PR Newswire.
| pyrazolones / pyrazolidines | |
|---|---|
| salicylates | |
| acetic acid derivatives and related substances | |
| oxicams | |
| propionic acid derivatives (profens) |
|
| n-arylanthranilic acids (fenamates) | |
| COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) | |
| other | |
| NSAID combinations | |
Key: underline indicates initially developed first-in-class compound of specific group; # WHO-Essential Medicines; † withdrawn drugs; ‡ veterinary use. | |
