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HpH 304 is a family of sailplanes ranging from a single-seat composite 15 metre Class to a two-place 20 metre Open Class manufactured by the Czech company HpH Ltd. The sailplane was derived from a glider made by Glasflügel between 1980 and 1982 that was put back in production by HpH and who have modified it substantially and developed new models since.
The Glasflügel H-301 Libelle is an early composite single-seat sailplane produced by Glasflügel from 1964 to 1969. The H-301 had camber-changing wing flaps so was required to compete in the Open Class because the Standard Class excluded wing flaps. It was often known as the Open Class Libelle.
The Briegleb BG-12 is a single-seat sailplane of wooden construction developed in the United States in the 1950s. It was marketed for homebuilding in plans or kit form, with over 350 sets of plans selling by 1978. The BG-12 is a conventional sailplane design, with a high cantilever wing and a conventional empennage. Later models featured a highly revised fuselage, a swept-forward tail fin, and an all flying tailplane with balance tabs.
The Caproni Vizzola Calif was a family of sailplanes produced in Italy in the 1970s and 1980s. Of typical sailplane configuration with T-tails, they featured distinctive wings with centre sections of constant chord and trapezoidal outer panels. The forward fuselage was constructed of fibreglass over an alloy frame, while the rear fuselage, wings, and empennage were metal-covered.
The CARMAM 15-36 Aiglon ("Eaglet") was a French sailplane produced in the 1970s. It was designed as a private venture by the technical directors of CARMAM, intending it to be a simple and easy-to-fly basic glider for aeroclub use. It was a conventional sailplane design of fibreglass construction throughout, with a low tail.
The CARMAM 15-38 was a French sailplane built in the late 1970s. It utilised the wing design of the CARMAM Aiglon but had an all-new fuselage. Like the Aiglon, this was of fibreglass construction throughout. The 15-38 was easily distinguished from its predecessor by a more streamlined nose and a T-tail.
The Civil Aviation Department Mrigasheer was a standard-class sailplane developed in India in the 1970s. It was an orthodox design with a high wing, slender, tapering fuselage, and conventional empennage. Construction was wooden throughout. The original HS-1 flew in 1970 and was followed in 1973 by the refined HS-2 design. This differed from its predecessor in having slotted flaps instead of airbrakes, and a completely redesigned tail. The HS-2 prototype placed second in the national gliding championships only a month after its first flight.
The Hindustan Ardhra was a sailplane designed in India for pilot training by the government's Civil Aviation Department in the late 1970s as the ATS-1 Ardhra. It was a two-seat aircraft of conventional configuration and wooden construction. The Indian Air Force ordered fifty examples in the early 1980s to be produced by Hindustan Aeronautics and the type was approved for use for flying by cadets.
The BJ-1 Dyna Mite, or California Sailplanes Duster was a sailplane designed by Ben Jansson in the United States in the 1960s for homebuilding.
The Glasflügel 206 Hornet is a Standard Class sailplane which was produced in Germany between 1975 and 1979. Of conventional sailplane design with a T-tail, it replaced the Standard Libelle, featuring composite construction throughout. Differences from the earlier aircraft included a redesigned canopy, retractable monowheel landing gear, and provision for 100 kg (220 lbs) of water ballast. An improved version, the Hornet C was produced in 1979, incorporating a new one-piece canopy originally designed for the Mosquito and an increase in water ballast capacity to 170 kg (375 lb). The wing was also revised, making extensive use of carbon fibre structures to save weight.
The Grob G104 Speed Astir was a competition sailplane produced in Germany in the late 1970s as Grob's first design in the 15 metre class. Taking the G102 Astir design as a starting point, the Speed Astir featured a new wing of narrower chord and different section, a fin and rudder of reduced height, capacity for 150 kg (330 lb) of water ballast, and "elastic flaps". This latter feature eliminated the drag normally associated with the air gap between the wing and a deployed flap. It did this by extending the wing skin over the entire upper surface so the highly flexible skin served as the flap hinge and there was no air gap between the flap and the remainder of the wing.
The ICA IS-28 is a two-seat sailplane produced in Romania in the 1970s. An all-metal aircraft of conventional design with a T-tail, it was originally produced with 15-metre wings, but in 1973, production shifted to the IS-28B with 17-metre wings and numerous aerodynamic refinements. These included a smaller tail with decreased dihedral, decreased dihedral on the wings, and redesigned fuselage contours. This version first flew on 26 April 1973 and was subsequently produced in versions with flaps (IS-28B2) and without (IS-28B1). Around 100 had been built by the early 1980s, with a substantial number sold for export. On April 7, 1979, Tom Knauff and R. Tawse set a world record with the IS-28 B2 glider, covering a distance of 829 kilometres on a predetermined out-and-return course from the Ridge Soaring Gliderport in Julian, Pennsylvania.
The HP-14 is a Richard Schreder-designed all-metal glider aircraft that was offered as a kit for homebuilding during the 1960s and 1970s. It was originally developed by retrofitting improved wings to the fuselage and tail of the HP-13. Schreder won the 1966 US national soaring championship in the prototype HP-14.
The LAK-9 Lietuva was an open-class competition sailplane produced in the Soviet Union in the 1970s. It was based on the LAK BK-7 that had been produced in small numbers since 1972. Like it, the LAK-9 was a conventional sailplane design with a high-set cantilever wing and a conventional empennage. The landing gear consisted of a retractable monowheel and a tailwheel, and construction throughout was of fibreglass.
The Miller WM-2 was a single-seat sport aircraft designed in the United States in the early 1970s and marketed for home building. Although primarily a powered aircraft, the WM-2's high aspect-ratio wings enabled the pilot to stop the engine and soar on thermals as with a sailplane.
The PIK-13 was a sailplane constructed in Finland to compete in the 1954 World Gliding Championships, held at Camphill Farm, Great Hucklow, UK. It was a conventional mid-wing design of "workmanlike" construction and underwent five test flights in the course of 1954 before its entry in the competition.
The SZD-20x Wampir II was a single-seat tail-less research glider designed and built in Poland from 1959.
The Akaflieg Braunschweig SB-11 is an experimental, single seat, variable geometry sailplane designed by aeronautical students in Germany. It won the 15 m span class at the World Gliding Championships of 1978 but its advances over the best, more conventional, opposition were not sufficient to lead to widespread imitation.
The Kesselyák KM 400 is a competition sailplane designed and built in Hungary in the 1980s. It is unusual in having no movable elevator; instead, pitch is controlled by wing mounted flaperons. Only one was completed.
The Scheibe Specht is a tandem seat training glider produced in Germany in the early 1950s. More than fifty were built.
References
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- Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 535.
- Hardy, Michael (1982). Gliders and Sailplanes of the World. Shepperton: Ian Allan. p. 108.
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