John R. Perry | |
---|---|
Born | 1942 |
Education | Cambridge University (Pembroke College) (PhD) |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | University of Chicago |
John R. Perry (born 1942) is an American linguist and Professor of Persian Emeritus at the University of Chicago. He is known for his works on Persian and Tajik linguistics and culture. [1] [2] [3]
Mohammad Karim Khan Zand was the founder of the Zand Dynasty, ruling from 1751 to 1779. He ruled all of Iran (Persia) except for Khorasan. He also ruled over some of the Caucasian lands and occupied Basra for some years.
The Zand dynasty was an Iranian dynasty, founded by Karim Khan Zand that initially ruled southern and central Iran in the 18th century. It later quickly came to expand to include much of the rest of contemporary Iran as well as parts of Iraq. The lands of present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia were controlled by khanates which were de jure part of the Zand realm, but the region was de facto autonomous. The island of Bahrain was also held for the Zands by the autonomous Al-Mazkur sheikhdom of Bushire.
The Zand tribe is a Laki-speaking Kurdish tribe mainly populating the countryside of Khanaqin in Iraq and in the provinces of Kurdistan and Hamadan of Iran.
Sadeq Khan Zand, also known as Mohammad Sadeq, was the fourth Shah of the Zand dynasty of Iran from August 22, 1779 until March 14, 1781.
Ali-Morad Khan Zand was fifth ruler of the Zand dynasty of Iran, ruling from March 15, 1781, until February 11, 1785.
Sayed Morad Khan, was a Shah of Iran who reigned from January 23, 1789 until May 10, 1789. He was the eighth king of the Zand dynasty. His brief reign is indicative of the ruthless and brutal struggle for power that prevailed among members of the Zand family following the death of Karim Khan Zand in 1779.
Ali-qoli Khan, commonly known by his regnal title Adel Shah was the second shah of Afsharid Iran, ruling from 1747 to 1748. He was the nephew and successor of Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty.
The Ottoman–Persian War of 1775–1776 was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Zand dynasty of Persia. The Persians, ruled by Karim Khan and led by his brother Sadeq Khan Zand, invaded southern Iraq and after besieging Basra for a year, took the city from the Ottomans in 1776. The Ottomans, unable to send troops, were dependent on the Mamluk governors to defend that region.
Fath-Ali Khan Afshar, was a chieftain from the Afshar tribe of Urmia, and one of the four contenders for supremacy in Iran between 1751–1763. He was ultimately defeated and captured in February 1763 by one of the contenders, the Zand ruler Karim Khan Zand. The latter had Fath-Ali Khan executed the following year, in July 1764.
The Feyli Lurs are a collection of Lur tribes that primarily live in the Lorestan province of Iran. Their dialect is almost identical to that of standard Persian.
The Afshars of Urmia are a branch of the Afshar tribe centered in the Iranian city of Urmia. From 1624/25 to 1820/21, the governorship of Urmia was mainly in the hands of the Urmia Afshars. After that, only a few them served as its governor, the last one being Imam Quli Khan, who became governor in 1879/80.
Mohammad Ajam, alternatively known as Muhammad al-Ajami or Ajam Muhammad, was an Iranian singer who lived in the late 18th century. He came to Baghdad during the Mamluk dynasty of Ottoman occupation. During the reign of Sulayman Abu Layla Pasha, he worked in politics until he reached the position of advisor and became the minister of Treasury in the time of Omar Pasha (1762–1776). He later became the leader of a rebel movement against Ottoman authority, which was defeated. He fled to Iran, then Egypt where he died. A melody type or Arabic maqam called ajam became common in Baghdad after him.
Daryabegi was a naval title of Iran, which literally translates as "sea lord" in English. It was in use from the 18th century until the first quarter of the 20th century when it was abandoned. It thenceforth became an Iranian surname.
Begum Agha Zanganeh was the mother of shah Karim Khan Zand of Persia.
Abu'l-Hasan Mostawfi Ghaffari was an 18th-century Iranian painter and historian from the Ghaffari family of Kashan. Besides several European-style paintings, he is also known to be the author of the Golshan-e Morad, a book covering the history of the Zand dynasty.
The Golshan-e Morad is a historical text of the Zand dynasty by Abu'l-Hasan Mostawfi Ghaffari.
Vakil ol-Ra'aya is a popular title best known for being adopted by the Zand ruler Karim Khan Zand at Shiraz in 1765.
Rostam al-Tavarikh is a Persian-language historical chronicle that covers the end of the Safavid period to early rule of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar of the Qajar dynasty. It was composed in 1800 by Rostam al-Hokama, who belonged to a family with a history of service under the Safavid shahs (kings).
Rostam al-Hokama was a scribe and historian during the late Zand and early Qajar periods in Iran. He is principally known as the author of the historical chronicle Rostam al-Tavarikh.
Ebrahim Khan Zand Anwar Shirazi was a Zand prince and poet. He was the youngest son of Karim Khan Zand.