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Naranjo is a Pre-Columbian Maya city in the Petén Basin region of Guatemala. It was occupied from about 500 BC to 950 AD, with its height in the Late Classic Period. The site is part of Yaxha-Nakum-Naranjo National Park. The city lies along the Mopan and Holmul rivers, and is about 50 km east of the site of Tikal. Naranjo has been the victim of severe looting. The site is known for its polychrome ceramic style
Calakmul is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche, deep in the jungles of the greater Petén Basin region. It is 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the Guatemalan border. Calakmul was one of the largest and most powerful ancient cities ever uncovered in the Maya lowlands.
Ucanal is an archaeological site of the ancient Maya civilization. It is located near the source of the Belize River in the Petén department of present-day northern Guatemala.
Maya monarchs, also known as Maya kings and queens, were the centers of power for the Maya civilization. Each Maya city-state was controlled by a dynasty of kings. The position of king was usually inherited by the oldest son.
Lady Six Sky, also known as Lady Wac Chanil Ahau or Wak Chanil Ajaw, was a Maya queen of Naranjo who was born in Dos Pilas. She lived in Naranjo from 682 to her death in 741. During that time, she probably served as de facto ruler of the city; however, monuments such as Stela 24 suggest she was never formally recognized as such, since she continued to use the emblem glyph of Dos Pilas throughout her life.
Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Chaak, alternatively known by the nickname Smoking Squirrel bestowed before his name glyph was deciphered, was a Maya ruler of Naranjo. He led the city during an extensive military campaign against Yaxha; however, because of his young age at the time, it is presumed that his mother organized much of the campaign.
Kʼahkʼ Pulaj Chan Chaahk, also known as Lord Chac before the decipherment of his corresponding name glyphs, is currently the only archaeologically identified ruler of the pre-Columbian Maya polity at Uxmal, who ruled in the early 10th century. Only a handful of details are known from this king, as hieroglyphic inscriptions, while very prominent in the Southern Maya Lowlands, are scarce in the north. What is known is that Lord Chac acceded to the throne somewhere at the end of the 9th century. During his rule, between 890-910 AD, some of the largest and most impressive buildings in Uxmal, such as the so-called Nunnery Quadrangle and the Governor's Palace, were built. An inscription at a large ballcourt in Uxmal, for playing the Mesoamerican ballgame, informs us it was dedicated in 901 during the reign of this king.
During the 7th and 8th centuries in Mesoamerica, there was an evident shift in the roles women played in ancient Maya society as compared with the previous two centuries. It was during this time that there was a great deal of political complexity seen both in Maya royal houses as well as in the Maya area. Warfare was a significant factor in political competition and marriage was one of the ways that alliances were made between the different polities. This was accompanied by a shift in women's roles from wife and mother to playing integral parts in courtly life, such as participating in rituals involving the supernatural world and at times ruling individual polities.
Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil was a Maya king of Dos Pilas. He is also known as Ruler 1, Flint Sky God K and Malah Chan Kʼawil.
Kʼahkʼ Ujol Kʼinich I was a king of Maya city of Caracol in Belize, named after the Sun deity called Kinich Ahau. He is also known as Ruler I and Smoking Skull I. He reigned c. AD 470.
Kʼan II was a Maya ruler of Caracol. He reigned AD 618–658.
Kʼahkʼ Ujol Kʼinich II was a king of Caracol, Mayan city-state in Belize. He is also known as Ruler VI and Smoking Skull II. He reigned AD 658–680.
Scroll Serpent was a Maya ruler of the Kaan kingdom. He ruled from AD 579 to 611. He acceded on 2 September.
Tajoom Ukʼab Kʼahkʼ was a Maya ruler of the Kaan kingdom. He became a king on March 28, 622.
Yuknoom Chʼeen II, known as Yuknoom the Great, was a Maya ruler of the Kaan kingdom, which had its capital at Calakmul during the Classic Period of Mesoamerican chronology.
Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ or Yuknoom Ixquiac was a Maya king of the Kaan kingdom, which had its capital at Calakmul during the Classic Period of Mesoamerican chronology.
The Tikal–Calakmul wars were a series of wars between Tikal and Calakmul. The First Tikal–Calakmul War was the first of these wars. During this and following conflicts in Petén vassal states like Naranjo and Dos Pilas were often used. Though Yaxchilan was in the war it only had a minor presence at the beginning.
The Second Tikal–Calakmul War was the second in a series of wars between Tikal and Calakmul known as The Tikal–Calakmul wars. Tikal and Calakmul were two of the most prosperous cities in Peten during the classic period of Mesoamerican chronology. After the classic came the post classic which was characterized by a decline in Maya Civilization. During that time both Tikal and Calakmul were abandoned.
Caracol is a large ancient Maya archaeological site, located in what is now the Cayo District, of Belize. It is situated approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Xunantunich, and the town of San Ignacio, and 15 km (9.3 mi) from the Macal River. It rests on the Vaca Plateau, at an elevation of 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea-level, in the foothills of the Maya Mountains. Long thought to be a tertiary center, it is now known that the site was one of the most important regional political centers of the Maya Lowlands during the Classic Period. Caracol covered approximately 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi), covering an area much larger than present-day Belize City, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and supported more than twice the modern city's population.
References
- 1 2 3 Martin, Simon (25 March 2008). Chronicle of the Maya kings and queens : deciphering the dynasties of the ancient Maya. Grube, Nikolai (Second ed.). London. ISBN 978-0-500-28726-2. OCLC 191753193.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 Helmke, Christophe (2017). "'The heart and stomach of a king' A Study of the Regency of Lady Six Sky at Naranjo, Guatemala" (PDF). Contributions in New World Archaeology.
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