Kabul Shahi

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Kabul Shahi is a term used to denote two former non-Muslim dynasties in Kabul:

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Gandhāra was an ancient region in the Kabul, Peshawar, Swat, and Taxila areas of what are now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. It was one of 16 Mahajanapada of ancient India. The cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus River into the Potohar Plateau of Punjab, westward into Bamyan, and northward up to the Karakoram range. The wider region around Gandhara, including Sattagydia in the south, was also known as Paropamisadae. In the 6th century BCE, Paropamisadae became a taxation district of the Achaemenid Empire and was known in Old Persian as Gandāra.

Greater India Cultural sphere of India beyond the Indian subcontinent

Greater India, or the Indian cultural sphere, is an area composed of many countries and regions in South and Southeast Asia that were historically influenced by Indian culture, which itself formed from the various distinct indigenous cultures of these regions. Specifically Southeast Asian influence on early India had lasting impacts on the formation of Hinduism and Indian mythology. Hinduism itself formed from various distinct folk religions, which merged during the Vedic period and following periods. The term Greater India as a reference to the Indian cultural sphere was popularised by a network of Bengali scholars in the 1920s. It is an umbrella term encompassing the Indian subcontinent, and surrounding countries which are culturally linked through a diverse cultural cline. These countries have been transformed to varying degrees by the acceptance and induction of cultural and institutional elements from each other. Since around 500 BCE, Asia's expanding land and maritime trade had resulted in prolonged socio-economic and cultural stimulation and diffusion of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs into the region's cosmology, in particular in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. In Central Asia, transmission of ideas were predominantly of a religious nature. The spread of Islam significantly altered the course of the history of Greater India.

Zabulistan Historical region in southern Afghanistan

Zabulistan, was a historical region in southern Afghanistan roughly corresponding to the modern provinces of Zabul and Ghazni.

Hinduism in Afghanistan Religious community of Afghanistan

Hinduism in Afghanistan is practiced by a tiny minority of Afghans, believed to be about 50 individuals, who live mostly in the cities of Kabul and Jalalabad. Afghan Hindus are ethnically Pashtun, Hindkowan (Hindki), Punjabi, or Sindhi and primarily speak Pashto, Hindko, Punjabi, Dari, and Hindustani (Urdu-Hindi).

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The Karlal', also known as Karraal' or Kallar-all or Sardars of Abbottabad, are a Pothohari/Pahari-speaking tribe of the Hazara Division, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Shahi may refer to:

Hindu Shahi Former Medieval Hindu dynasty

The Hindu Shahis also BrahmanShahis were a Hindu dynasty of Brahmin lineage that held sway over the Kabul Valley, Gandhara and western Punjab during the early medieval period in the Indian subcontinent. Details regarding past rulers have been assembled from chronicles, coins and stone inscriptions by researchers as no consolidated account of their history has become available.

Nezak 484–665 Huna state in the Hindu Kush region

The Nezak Huns, also Nezak Shahs, were one of the four groups of Huna people in the area of the Hindu Kush, active from circa 484 to 665 CE. The Nezak kings, with their characteristic gold bull's-head crown, ruled over Zabulistan and Kabulistan. While their history is obscured, the Nezak's left significant coinage documenting their polity's prosperity. They were the last of the four major "Hunic" states known collectively as Xionites or "Hunas", their predecessors being, in chronological order, the Kidarites, the Hephthalites, and the Alchon.

Turk Shahis 665–870 CE Turkic Central Asian kingdom

The Turk Shahis or Kabul Shahis were a dynasty of Western Turk, or mixed Western Turk-Hephthalite, origin, that ruled from Kabul and Kapisa to Gandhara in the 7th to 9th centuries AD. They may have been of Khalaj ethnicity. The Gandhara territory may have been bordering the Kashmir kingdom and the Kanauj kingdom to the east. From the 560s, the Western Turks had gradually expanded southeasterward from Transoxonia, and occupied Bactria and the Hindu-Kush region, forming largely independent polities. The Turk Shahis may have been a political extension of the neighbouring Western Turk Yabghus of Tokharistan. In the Hindu-Kush region, they replaced the Nezak Huns – the last dynasty of Bactrian rulers with origins among the Xwn (Xionite) and/or Huna peoples.

History of Hinduism in Afghanistan History of Hinduism in Afghanistan from Ancient period

The history of Hinduism in Afghanistan can be traced a long before from its modern-day existence from the Ancient times, earlier than 34,000 years old. Hinduism has been said to be flourished in the region mainly during the Bronze Age and Indus Valley Civilisation, where the Gandhara was a mahajanapada. The religion has seen a further expansion during the Aryan expansion into Mesopotamia and the Medean rule from 1500–551 BCE. They includes notably the Gandhari people. After that the Zoroastrianism and Buddhism also flourished in the region due to the influence of Maurya and Achaemenid Empire. Under the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, the Greco and Gandharan Buddhism also influenced the Afghan region. Since then, many empires have risen from Afghanistan, including the Kushans, Hephthalites, Saffarids, Samanids and Hindu Shahi have seen and made on Hindu culture of the land.

Tokhara Yabghus 625–758 CE dynasty of Turkic sub-kings

The Tokhara Yabghus or Yabghus of Tokharistan, were a dynasty of Western Turk-Hephtalite sub-kings, with the title "Yabghus", who ruled from 625 CE in the area of Tokharistan north and south of the Oxus river, with some smaller remnants surviving in the area of Badakshan until 758 CE. Their legacy was extended to the southeast until the 9th century CE, with the Turk Shahis and the Zunbils.

Fromo Kesaro King of the Turk Shahis

Fromo Kesaro, also Phromo Kesaro was a king of the Turk Shahis, a dynasty of Western Turk or mixed Western Turk-Hephthalite origin, who ruled from Kabul and Kapisa to Gandhara in the 7th to 9th centuries. In Chinese sources "Fromo Kesaro" was transcribed "Fulin Jisuo" (拂菻罽娑), "Fulin" being the standard Tang Dynasty name for "Byzantine Empire".

Tegin Shah Majestic Sovereign

Shahi Tegin, Tegin Shah or Sri Shahi was a king of the Turk Shahis, a dynasty of Western Turk or mixed Western Turk-Hephthalite origin who ruled from Kabul and Kapisa to Gandhara in the 7th to 9th centuries.

Khair Khaneh

Khair Khaneh is an archaeological site located near Kabul, Afghanistan. A Brahmanical Temple was excavated there in the 1930s by Joseph Hackin. The construction of the Khair Khaneh temple itself is dated to 608-630 CE, at the beginning of the Turk Shahis period. Most of the remains, including marble statuettes, date to the 7th–8th century, during the time of the Turk Shahi.

Gardez Ganesha

The Gardez Ganesha is a statue of the Hindu god Ganesha, discovered in Gardez, near Kabul in Afghanistan. It is considered as "a typical product of the Indo-Afghan school". It was dedicated by a king named Khingal.

Barha Tegin Majestic Sovereign

Barha Tegin was the first ruler of the Turk Shahis. He is only known in name from the accounts of the Muslim historian Al-Biruni and reconstructions from Chinese imperial sources, and the identification of his coinage remains conjectural.

Khingala The supreme lord, the great King, the King of Kings, the Majestic Sovereign

Khingala, also transliterated Khinkhil, Khinjil or Khinjal, was a ruler of the Turk Shahis. He is only known in name from the accounts of the Muslim historian Ya'qubi and from an epigraphical source, the Gardez Ganesha. The identification of his coinage remains conjectural.

Bo Fuzhun Majestic Sovereign

Bo Fuzhun, also Bofuzhun was a ruler of the Turk Shahis. He is only known in name from Chinese imperial accounts and possibly numismatic sources. The identification of his coinage remains conjectural.