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Sikhism, also known as Sikhi, is a Dharmic or Indian religion and philosophy that originated in the Western Himalayan and sub-Himalayan Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, around the end of the 15th century CE. It is the most recently founded major organized faith and stands at fifth-largest worldwide, with about 25–30 million adherents as of the early 21st century.
Singh is a title, middle name or surname that means "lion" in various South Asian and Southeast Asian communities. Traditionally used by the Hindu Kshatriya community, it eventually became a common surname adopted by different communities including Rajputs, Jats, Bhumihars, Koeri, Dusadh, Gurjars, Yadavs and Sikhs. It was later mandated in the late 17th century by Guru Gobind Singh for all male Sikhs as well, in part as a rejection of caste-based prejudice. It has also been adopted by several castes and communities. As a surname or a middle name, it is now found throughout the world across communities and religious groups, becoming more of a title than a surname.
Virk is a Jat clan. In India and Pakistan, it is used as a surname by the Jatt Sikhs and Jat Muslims.
Dhillon is a tribe of Jats found in the Punjab region.
Aulakh is a Jat clan in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. They are mainly concentrated in the tehsil of Ajnala in the Amritsar district of Punjab, India, with significant presence in the Shahbazpur of Tarn Taran district in the Majha region.
Grewal or Garewal is a family name historically used in India and Pakistan as a gotra (clan) of Jat people.
Hegde means the Headman of the village. Hegde or Heggade Pergade is a surname found mainly in the coastal Karnataka region in India which is found in different communities. It is found amongst Hindus of the Kuruba Gowda community, Bunt community, Saraswat brahmins, Jain community, Havyaka Brahmins, Vokkaligas in Karnataka.
Atwal is a Jat clan and a family name of Sikhs.
Luthra is a Arora Hindu and Sikh surname.
Dhingra is an Arora Khatri surname and also a Jat clan.
Ahluwalia is a surname native to the Punjab region of India. It is derived from the words "Ahlu" and "walia". It was first adopted by the Sikh Kalal chief Jassa Singh, the leader of the Ahluwalia misl. The surname was later adopted by many others, including the members of the Kalal caste who were not his descendants, leading to the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.
Jat Sikh are an ethnoreligious group and a sub-group of the Jat people and the Sikh religious group from the Indian subcontinent. They are one of the dominant communities in the Punjab owing to their large land holdings.
Jaswal is an Indian surname found among Jat Sikhs and Muslims of Punjab. It is also a clan of Rajputs that commanded the former princely state of Jaswan.
Sabharwal is a surname originating among Hindus and Sikhs of the Punjab region in India. It is derived from the name of a name of a King of the Khatri clan, Shubh Vaar, which means lucky or auspicious day. Kamal Shankar Srivastava writes that all Khukrains including Sabharwals were originally found near the banks of Indus and Jhelum river especially in the towns of Pind Dadan Khan, Peshawar and Nowshera.
Dhawan or Dhowan or Dhown or Duhan is a surname based on the name of a clan of the Khatri community, found in Northern India.
Sethi is a surname that is found among the Punjabi Khatris of India. They are a part of Khukhrain sub-caste among the Khatris which also includes the clans of Anand, Bhasin Chadha, Kohli, Ghai, Sahni, Sethi, (Sawhney) and Suri. The surname is also found among Arora which is another sub-caste of Khatris. Historian Kamal Shankar Srivastava writes that all Khukrains including Sethis were originally found near the banks of Indus and Jhelum river especially in the towns of Pind Dadan Khan, Peshawar and Nowshera.
Chawla is a surname among Hindus and Sikhs of India. It originates from the name of a clan of the Arora caste, likely stemming from the crop word chawal, which means rice.
Chadha is a surname that is used by Punjabi Khatri caste.
Sahni are Punjabi Khatri clan and surname found among the Hindus or Sikhs of Punjab, India. Sahnis are a part of the Khukhrain sub-caste/family-group of the Khatris.
Sandhu or Sindhu is a clan or family name found among the Jats in India and Pakistan.
References
Singh, K.S (1998). Rajasthan. Popular Prakashan Ltd. ISBN 81-7154-769-9.
McLeod, W. H. (2000). Exploring Sikhism. Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-19-564902-4.
Singh, K.S (1996). Communities Segments Synonyms Surnames. Oxford University Press. p. 1713. ISBN 0-19-563357-1.
Singh, K.S (1998). India's Communities. Anthropological survey of india. p. 2968.
Chandran, E. (1990). Reservations For OBCs. Cosmos Bookhive. p. 16.
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