Karate at the Summer Olympics | |
---|---|
IOC Discipline Code | KTE |
Events | 8 (men: 4; women: 4) |
Games | |
| |
Karate was first included in the Summer Olympic Games at the 2020 Games in Tokyo, Japan. After it was announced to not be included in 2024, in August 2022 it was announced that karate had made the shortlist for inclusion in the 2028 Games, although it was ultimately not selected. [1] [2]
Olympic karate featured two types of events: Kumite and Kata. Sixty competitors from around the world competed in the Kumite competition, and twenty competed in the Kata competition. Both divisions of the competition were split 50/50 between men and women. [3] [4]
It was governed by the World Karate Federation (WKF).
The effort to bring karate to the Olympics was begun in the 1970s by Jacques Delcourt. [5] [6] [7] In 2009, in the 121st International Olympic Committee voting, karate did not receive the necessary two-thirds majority vote to become an Olympic sport. [8] Karate was being considered for the 2020 Olympics, [9] however at a meeting of the IOC's executive board, held in Russia on 29 May 2013, it was decided that karate (along with wushu and several other sports) would not be considered for inclusion in 2020 at the IOC's 125th session in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in September 2013. [10]
In September 2015, karate was included in a shortlist with baseball, softball, skateboarding, surfing, and sport climbing to be considered for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics, [11] and in June 2016, the Executive Board of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that they would support the proposal to include all of the shortlisted sports in the 2020 Games. [12] Finally, on 3 August 2016, all five sports (counting baseball and softball together as one sport) were approved for inclusion in the 2020 Olympic program. [13] Karate will not be included in the 2024 Olympic Games or the 2028 Games though.
The Olympic karate competition in 2021 put eight gold medals in dispute: six for the Kumite (fighting) competition, with three weight categories for each gender, and two for the Kata (forms) competition, one for each gender.
The main rules for Kumite and Kata competitions were as follows:
The individual tournament for the Kumite competition at the World Karate Federation (WKF) Karate World Championships is held under a weight class system comprising five divisions each for both men and women. [14] However, the Kumite competition at the Summer Olympics consisted of just three divisions each, thus:
All Kumite bouts were semi-contact, meaning all strikes delivered must not use full force. Striking an opponent with full force could result in a warning or disqualification. In all categories, fights lasted for up to three timed minutes (i.e., the clock stops every time the referee says "yame"). During that time, a winner would be declared if a karateka scored eight points more than their adversary. If this did not happen, the person with more points at the end of the fight was the winner. If the fight ended up tied, a decision would be given through the senshu rule: the contestant that scored the first unopposed point wins. [16] [17]
Points were earned as follows:
Strikes below the belt were strictly forbidden and strength must always be controlled as the fighter would receive a warning if they hurt their opponent. Points could be lost or there could even be a disqualification if the resulting injury was severe. Knocking an opponent down to the floor without at least attempting to strike them was also liable to be punished.[ clarification needed ]
Warning levels:
Warnings and punishments were divided into two different categories, the first being for excessive and/or illegal contact and the other for technical violations, such as leaving the koto (fighting space) or faking an injury in order to make the referee give the opponent a warning.
Competitors were judged on the power and correctness of their techniques. Under conventional competition rules, one competitor was assigned a blue belt and the other a red belt, and each took a turn in demonstrating their kata. The outcome of the competition was determined under a flag system, where five judges who each held a blue flag and a red flag raised either one to signal which competitor they believed won: the one with more flags raised in their favour was declared the winner. However discussions are still ongoing into the judging system, including whether to use a scoring system rather than the flag system.[ citation needed ] [18]
Due to the large number of karate styles, each with its own katas, only katas from the list recognized by the WKF were allowed in the Olympics.
Sources: [19]
* Host nation (Japan)
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Japan (JPN)* | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
2 | Spain (ESP) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
3 | Egypt (EGY) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Italy (ITA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
5 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
France (FRA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Iran (IRI) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Serbia (SRB) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
9 | Azerbaijan (AZE) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
10 | Turkey (TUR) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
11 | China (CHN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Ukraine (UKR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
13 | Saudi Arabia (KSA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
14 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
15 | Austria (AUT) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Hong Kong (HKG) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Jordan (JOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
United States (USA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (20 entries) | 8 | 8 | 16 | 32 |
Karate (空手), also karate-do, is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It developed from the indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts under the influence of Chinese martial arts. While modern karate is primarily a striking art that uses punches and kicks, traditional karate also employs throwing and joint locking techniques. A karate practitioner is called a karate-ka (空手家).
Kumite is one of the three main sections of karate training, along with kata and kihon. Kumite is the part of karate in which a person trains against an adversary.
The World Karate Federation (WKF) is the largest international governing body of sport karate with 198 member countries. It is the only karate organization recognised by the International Olympic Committee and has more than a hundred million members. The WKF organizes their Junior and Senior Karate World Championships, which are each held every other year. The President of the WKF is Antonio Espinós, and the headquarters are located in Madrid, Spain. All the styles are officially recognised by the WKF.
The Japan Karate Federation (JKF), a.k.a. Japan Karatedo Federation, is a national governing body of the sport karate in Japan. The JKF is officially affiliated with the Japan Olympic Association (JOC), World Karate Federation (WKF), Japan Sports Association (JSA), and Japanese Budō Association (JBA). The styles recognized by the JKF are Wadō-ryū, Shotokan, Shito-ryu, and Goju-ryu. Its headquarter is located in Tokyo, Japan.
The Karate World Championships, also known as the World Karate Championships, are the highest level of competition for karate organized by the World Karate Federation (WKF). The competition is held in a different city every two years. Championships in the 2000s included Madrid in 2002, Monterrey in 2004, Tampere in 2006, Tokyo in 2008, and Belgrade in 2010. The competition was initially riddled with controversy regarding karate styles and the ruleset.
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