Kosa'aay | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Derby's map of 1853, current Old Town San Diego map, and significant historic 1769 sites. Village of Kosa'aay located at location "A". | |
  Kosa'aay | |
| Coordinates: 32°45′31.71″N117°11′47.0″W / 32.7588083°N 117.196389°W | |
| Tribal Nation | Kumeyaay |
| Established | Unknown |
| Became San Diego, Alta California | July 16th, 1769 |
Kosa'aay was a Kumeyaay village in what is now Old Town, San Diego.
In the Kumeyaay language, Kosa’aay translates to “drying out place”. During Spanish settlement, the name was Hispanicized to Cosoy.
The village was made up of thirty to forty families.
The families in this settlement lived in pyramid-shaped housing structures that were supported by a freshwater spring, wetland vegetation and riparian vegetation along the hillsides. [1]
The village provided food and water for the Portolá expedition in 1769 as the crew of the San Carlos and San Antonio were dying of scurvy and thirst. [2] Lieut. Miguel Costanso described being guided by the Kumeyaay to the village as
"they arrived on the banks of a river hemmed in on either bank by a fringe of willows and cottonwoods, very leafy...within a musket-shot from the river they discovered a town or village of the same Indians who were guiding our men. It was composed of various huts of pyramidal shape made of branches and covered with earth....The village was composed of 30 or 40 families. On one side of it there was observed an enclosure made of boughs and trunks of trees. Within this, they explained, they took refuge against attacks from their enemies.” [3]
The Spanish referred to the village as Cosoy, a hispanized name of Kosa'aay.
On May 15, 1769, the Spanish erected a hospital camp on Presidio Hill and occupied the water source of the village as well as stationed a permanent garrison at the village upon the recovery of the members of the expedition party after the overland expedition party arrived at the village the day before. [1]
On July 16, 1769, a Mass was held in the dedication of Mission San Diego de Acalá and El Presidio Real de San Diego, the first mission and presidio in Alta California, and the founding of the settlement of San Diego in Old Town, from which the Kumeyaay village of Kosa'aay was incorporated. [1] The settlement of San Diego would later be called Tepacul Watai, meaning "Stacked Big" in Ipai Kumeyaay language, to refer to the City of San Diego. [4]
The village is acknowledged through the Iipay Tipai Kumeyaay Mut Niihepok Park at Old Town San Diego State Historic Park, which was developed with the Kumeyaay Diegueño Land Conservancy (KDLC) to enhance visibility of Kumeyaay culture and history in the village's original site. [5]
There is also a specialty shop in the state park called Kosay Kumeyaay Market, which sells cultural products from the Kumeyaay and other Yuman groups. [6]
San Diego is a city on the Pacific coast of Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a population of over 1.3 million residents, it is the eighth-most populous city in the United States and the second-most populous in the state of California, after Los Angeles. San Diego is the seat of San Diego County, which has a population of nearly 3.3 million people. It is known for its mild year-round Mediterranean climate, extensive beaches and parks, long association with the United States Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center.
Juan Bautista de Anza Bezerra Nieto was an expeditionary leader, military officer, and politician primarily in California and New Mexico under the Spanish Empire. He is credited as one of the founding fathers of Spanish California and served as an official within New Spain as Governor of the province of New Mexico.
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Pedro Fages (1734–1794) was a Spanish soldier, explorer, first Lieutenant Governor of the province of the Californias under Gaspar de Portolá. Fages claimed the governorship after Portolá's departure, acting as governor in opposition to the official governor Felipe de Barri, and later served officially as fifth (1782–91) Governor of the Californias.
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Fernando Javier Rivera y Moncada was a soldier of the Spanish Empire who served in The Californias, the far north-western frontier of New Spain. He participated in several early overland explorations and later served as third Governor of The Californias, from 1774 to 1777.
Luis Jayme or Lluís Jaume O.F.M., born Melcior Jaume Vallespir, was a Spanish-born Roman Catholic priest of the Franciscan Order. He was the first Catholic martyr who died in Alta California.
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Miguel Costansó (1741–1814), original name Miquel Constançó, was a Catalan engineer, cartographer and cosmographer. He joined the expedition of exploration of Alta California led by Gaspar de Portolá and Junípero Serra, serving aboard ship as cartographer and on land as engineer.