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Eugenio María de Hostos Community College of The City University of New York is a public community college in the South Bronx, New York City. It is part of the City University of New York (CUNY) system and was created by an act of the Board of Higher Education in 1968 in response to demands from the Hispanic/Puerto Rican community, which was urging for the establishment of a college to serve the people of the South Bronx. In 1970, the college admitted its first class of 623 students at the site of a former tire factory. Several years later, the college moved to a larger site nearby at 149th Street and Grand Concourse. The college also operates a location at the prow building of the Bronx Terminal Market.
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The Hmong people are an ethnic group currently native to several countries, believed to have come from the Yangtze river basin area in southern China. The Hmong are known in China as the Miao, which encompasses not only Hmong, but also other related groups such as Hmu, Qo Xiong and A-Hmao. There is debate about usage of this term, especially amongst Hmong living in the West, as it is believed by some to be derogatory, although Hmong living in China still call themselves by this name. Throughout recorded history, the Hmong have remained identifiable as Hmong because they have maintained the Hmong language, customs, and ways of life while adopting the ways of the country in which they live. In the 1960s and 1970s, many Hmong were secretly recruited by the American CIA to fight against communism during the Vietnam War. After American armed forces pulled out of Vietnam, a communist regime took over in Laos and ordered the prosecution and re-education of all those who had fought against its cause during the war. While many Hmong are still left in Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, and China, since 1975 many Hmong have fled Laos in fear of persecution. Housed in Thai refugee camps during the 1980s, many have resettled in countries such as the United States, French Guiana, Australia, France, Germany, as well as some who have chosen to stay in Thailand in hope of returning to their own land. In the United States, new generations of Hmong are gradually assimilating into American society while being taught Hmong culture and history by their elders. Many fear that as the older generations pass on, the knowledge of the Hmong among Hmong Americans will die as well.
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The Hmong American Peace Academy (HAPA) is a charter school in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, under the authority of Milwaukee Public Schools. It includes the HAPA K-8 program, and it has an affiliated high school program.
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References
- ↑ HEBREW BROUHAHA; NYC'S NEXT NEW-SCHOOL WAR, By THOMAS W. CARROLL, New York Post, May 29, 2008 Archived 2009-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "State poised to OK school for Chinese immersion - The Boston Globe". www.boston.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ↑ Gootman, Elissa (2009-01-12). "State Weighs Approval of School Dedicated to Hebrew". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-10-15. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
- ↑ Weinberg, Lawrence D. (2007-07-13). Religious Charter Schools: Legalities and Practicalities. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59311-759-7.