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Lapidárium Národního Muzea | |
Established | 1905 |
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Location | Prague, Czech Republic |
Type | Lapidarium |
Website | www.nm.cz |
The Lapidarium is a lapidarium and a part of the National Museum in Prague, Czech Republic. It is the largest permanent exhibition of historical collections of stone sculpture, tombs and architectonical fragments originating from Bohemia, mostly from Prague.
In 1839, František Palacký, an early supporter of the National Museum, advocated for collecting stone monuments and artifacts. In 1898, the precursor to the Lapidarium, the Exhibition of Monuments of Old Architecture and Exhibition of Architecture and Engineering, was held at the Výstaviště Praha. The exhibition's building was designed by architect Antonín Wiehl for the 1891 world's fair held in Prague and continues to house the museum today.
The first permanent exhibition in the Lapidarium was held in 1905. The museum closed from 1914 to 1932 due to World War I. The museum again closed from 1939 to 1954 because of World War II. [1] The museum closed from 1967 to 1993 for renovations. [2]
The Lapidarium houses valuable stone sculptures dating from the 11th to the early 20th century. [3] The museum has a collection of around 2,000 artefacts, 400 of which are on permanent display in eight halls of approximative area of 1,300 square meters. [4]
The oldest Romanic fragments from the crypt of St. Vitus basilica are dated to the late 11th century. Romanic stove tiles decorated with reliefs of lion, gryphon, sphinx or emperor Nero come from basilika on Prague-Vyšehrad. Eight tombstones with engraved figures of abbots as well as various architectural fragments of 11th to 13th century originate from the Benedictine abbey Ostrov (Insula), founded in 999 on the river Vltava near Prague and destroyed in 15th century; nearly 900 fragments were gained from the archaeological excavations in 1932.
Six original gothic statues from the Charles Bridge Tower (Emperor Charles IV, his son King Wenceslas IV, patron saints Vitus, Adalbert of Prague, Sigismundus and a lion can be seen here among others. [5]
The Krocin's water fountain cut of rose marble comes from Old Town Square. It was moved to the museum between 1911 and 1914. Several tombstones come from destroyed Prague cemeteries.
Fragments of Virgin Mary Immaculata among four archangels fighting with dragons, five statues of sandstone made by Johann Georg Bendl for the Old Town Square in Prague in 1650 after the idea of Emperor Ferdinand III (Maria Victoria) and destroyed by anarchists in 1918.
Seven original baroque groups of statues include the largest monuments: Ecstase of sainte Ludgardis, made by Matthias Bernard Braun, St Francis Xaverius baptising Indians and The Apotheose of St Ignatius of Loyola by Ferdinand Maxmilian Brokoff, which fell into the river in 1890 and was never recovered.
It houses the first statue of the Bohemian patron saint Wenceslas, made by Johann Georg Bendl in 1680 for the Horse Market (later Wenceslas Square). Another St Wenceslas statue shows the saint picking wine grapes for Holy mass. Six statues of saints comes from the facade of St Gallus Church. Two statues were made for Loretto Church in Prague - Hradčany.
Rococo is represented before all by a set of allegorical statues from the garden of a summer palace America projected by Kilian Ignac Dienzenhofer. Statues made by Ignac Platzer originate from the Palais Kinsky in Prague.
Monuments of the Austrian emperors: Equestrian statue of Francis I and standing figure of Franz Joseph I were cast from brass for public spaces, as well as the monument of Field Marshal Joseph V. Radetzky von Radeč. Many of these monuments came to the Lapidarium after the World War I when reminders of the old Austro-Hungarian monarchy were removed from public space by the new republican authorities.
Busts of Franz Joseph I and his wife, Elisabeth (called Sisi) of white marble sculpted by Antonín Pavel Wagner in 1891 were moved after the general reconstruction back to the Pantheon of the National Museum (opened in September 2019).[ citation needed ] [4]
In 1995, the Lapidarium was named one of the ten most beautiful museum exhibitions in Europe. [6]
Wenceslaus I, Wenceslas I or Václav the Good was the Prince (kníže) of Bohemia from 921 until his death, probably in 935. According to the legend, he was assassinated by his younger brother, Boleslaus the Cruel.
Vyšehrad is a historic fort in Prague, Czech Republic, just over 3 km southeast of Prague Castle, on the east bank of the Vltava River. It was probably built in the 10th century. Inside the fort are the Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul and the Vyšehrad Cemetery, containing the remains of many famous Czechs, such as Antonín Dvořák, Bedřich Smetana, Karel Čapek, and Alphonse Mucha. It also contains Prague's oldest Rotunda of St. Martin, from the 11th century.
Wenceslas Square is one of the main city squares and the centre of the business and cultural communities in the New Town of Prague, Czech Republic. Many historical events occurred there, and it is a traditional setting for demonstrations, celebrations, and other public gatherings. It is also the place with the busiest pedestrian traffic in the whole country. The square is named after Saint Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia. It is part of the historic centre of Prague, a World Heritage Site.
The National Museum (NM) is a public museum dedicated to natural scientific and historical collections of the Czech Republic, its history, culture and people, among others. The museum was founded in 1818 by Kašpar Maria Šternberg. Historian František Palacký was also strongly involved in the foundation of the museum.
The crown of Saint Wenceslas is a crown forming part of the Bohemian crown jewels, made in 1346. Charles IV, king of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, had it made for his coronation, dedicating it to the first patron saint of the country St. Wenceslas and bequeathed it as a state crown for the coronation of (future) Bohemian kings. On the orders of Charles IV the new royal crown was deposited in St. Vitus Cathedral, however, it was later transferred to Karlštejn Castle. It was used for the last time for the coronation of Ferdinand V in 1836.
The Church of the Mother of God before Týn, or Church of Our Lady before Týn, is a Gothic church and a dominant feature of the Old Town of Prague, Czech Republic. It has been the main church of this part of the city since the 14th century. The church's two towers are 80 m high, and each tower's spire is topped by eight smaller spires in two layers of four.
Johann-Georg Bendl(Czech pronunciation:[ˈjohaŋˈɡɛorɡˈbɛndl̩]) or Jan Jiří Bendl was a Baroque sculptor, who worked mainly in Prague.
Vojtěch Sucharda was a Czech sculptor, woodcarver and puppeteer.
Charles Square is a city square in the New Town of Prague, Czech Republic. At roughly 80,550 m² it is one of the largest squares in the world and was the largest town square of the medieval Europe. Founded in 1348 as the main square of the New Town by Charles IV, it was known as Dobytčí trh from the 15th century and finally named after its founder in 1848. The central portion of the square was turned into a park in the 1860s.
A lapidarium is a place where stone monuments and fragments of archaeological interest are exhibited.
The Treasury of St. Vitus Cathedral is a collection of ecclesiastical treasures of the Prague Cathedral and is in the property of Prague Cathedral Chapter. It is the largest church treasury in the Czech Republic and one of the most extensive in Europe. The Treasure contains more than 400 items, 139 from them have been displayed since 2012 in a new exhibition in the Chapel of the Holy Rood in Prague Castle.
The sculpture of St. Peter of Slivice comes from the Church of St. Peter in Slivice, founded by Jan of Jenštejn, Archbishop of Prague, in 1362. It ranks among early works by the "Master of the Krumlov Madonna" and is exhibited on loan at the permanent collection of the National Gallery in Prague.
The statue of Saint Wenceslas is an outdoor sculpture by Johann-Georg Bendl from 1680, installed at Vyšehrad, Prague, Czech Republic. The statue formerly stood in the middle of Wenceslas Square, near Grandhotel Evropa, but was moved to Vyšehrad in 1879.
The statues of Madonna, Saint Dominic and Thomas Aquinas are outdoor sculptures by Matěj Václav Jäckel, installed on the north side of the Charles Bridge in Prague, Czech Republic. Later, these statues were moved to the Lapidarium of the National Museum of the Czech Republic.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Prague:
The Marian column of Prague is a religious monument consisting of a column topped with a statue of the Virgin Mary, located in the city's Old Town Square. The original column was erected in 1650, shortly after the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War. It was demolished in November 1918, coinciding with the fall of Austria-Hungary. In 2020, the column was reconstructed, being completed on 15 August 2020.
Daniel Ignác Trubač is a Czech academic sculptor and medalist. He is best known for his sculpture of The Crown of St. Agnes of Bohemia, which was moved to St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City on request of Pope Francis.
The Female Saint of Dolní Vltavice is a bust of an unknown saint made in a Prague carving workshop between 1380 and 1390. It is on display in the permanent exhibition of the Aleš South Bohemian Gallery in Hluboká nad Vltavou.
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