| Combination of | |
|---|---|
| Latanoprost | Prostaglandin |
| Timolol | Beta blocker |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Xalacom |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | UK Drug Information |
| Routes of administration | Eye drops |
| ATC code | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| UNII | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
Latanoprost/timolol (trade name Xalacom) is a combination drug used in glaucoma, consisting of latanoprost (increase uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor [1] ) and timolol (a beta blocker decreasing the production of aqueous fluid).
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that lead to damage of the optic nerve, which is important for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. This damage is often caused by increased pressure within the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP) and may cause vision loss if left untreated. The word glaucoma originated from the Greek word ΓλαύV̇ξ (glaukos), which means "to glow". Glaucoma has been called the "silent thief of sight" because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time. It is associated with old age, a family history of glaucoma, and certain medical conditions or medications.
Prostaglandin analogues are a class of drugs that bind to a prostaglandin receptor.
Betaxolol is a selective beta1 receptor blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. Being selective for beta1 receptors, it typically has fewer systemic side effects than non-selective beta-blockers, for example, not causing bronchospasm as timolol may. Betaxolol also shows greater affinity for beta1 receptors than metoprolol. In addition to its effect on the heart, betaxolol reduces the pressure within the eye. This effect is thought to be caused by reducing the production of the liquid within the eye. The precise mechanism of this effect is not known. The reduction in intraocular pressure reduces the risk of damage to the optic nerve and loss of vision in patients with elevated intraocular pressure due to glaucoma.
Latanoprost, sold under the brand name Xalatan among others, is a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye. This includes ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma. It is applied as eye drops to the eyes. Onset of effects is usually within four hours, and they last for up to a day.
Timolol is a beta blocker medication used either by mouth or as eye drops. As eye drops it is used to treat increased pressure inside the eye such as in ocular hypertension and glaucoma. By mouth it is used for high blood pressure, chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart, to prevent further complications after a heart attack, and to prevent migraines.
Dorzolamide/timolol, sold under the brand name Cosopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. It is a combination of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate. It may be used when a beta blocker, like timolol, is not sufficient alone. It is used as an eye drop.
Brimonidine is an α2 agonist medication used to treat open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and rosacea. In rosacea it improves the redness. It is used as eye drops or applied to the skin.
Brinzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Dorzolamide, sold under the brand name Trusopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye, including in cases of glaucoma. It is used as an eye drop. Effects begin within three hours and last for at least eight hours. It is also available as the combination dorzolamide/timolol.
Levobunolol is a non-selective beta blocker. It is used topically in the form of eye drops to manage ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma.
Bimatoprost, sold under the brand name Lumigan among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient. It may also be used to increase the size of the eyelashes. It is used as an eye drop and effects generally occur within four hours.
Travoprost, sold under the brand name Travatan among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient. It is used as an eye drop. Effects generally occur within two hours.
Brimonidine/timolol, sold under the brand name Combigan among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication eye drop used for the treatment of glaucoma. It is a combination of brimonidine and timolol.
Tafluprost is a prostaglandin analogue. It is used topically to control the progression of open-angle glaucoma and in the management of ocular hypertension, alone or in combination with other medication. It reduces intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous fluid from the eyes.
Ripasudil, a derivative of fasudil, is a rho kinase inhibitor drug used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Netarsudil, sold under the brand name Rhopressa among others, is a medication for the treatment of glaucoma. In the United States, in December 2017, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a 0.02% ophthalmic solution for the lowering of elevated intraocular pressure in people with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The European Medicines Agency approved it in 2019 for the same uses under the brand name Rhokiinsa.
Bimatoprost/timolol, sold under the brand name Ganfort, is a medication for the treatment of certain conditions involving high pressure in the eyes, specifically open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is available as eye drops.
Netarsudil/latanoprost, sold under the brand name Rocklatan among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication use to treat elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in people with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. It contains netarsudil mesylate and latanoprost. It is applied as eye drops to the eyes.
Travoprost/timolol, sold under the brand name Duotrav among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of glaucoma. It contains travoprost and timolol maleate.
Posner–Schlossman syndrome (PSS) also known as glaucomatocyclitic crisis (GCC) is a rare acute ocular condition with unilateral attacks of mild granulomatous anterior uveitis and elevated intraocular pressure. It is sometimes considered as a secondary inflammatory glaucoma.
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