Lennart Levi,M.D.,PhD (1930-2024). Born in Riga,Latvia,May 20,1930,to Sam Levi,a merchant and Debora (Lowenstein). During World War II,when he was 10 years old,he and his family moved to Stockholm. He served as a surgeon in the Swedish Army after receiving his medical degree from the Karolinska Institute in 1959 and his PhD in 1972. In 1957 he married Isabella Weitman and had two children,Jan Richard and George Ragnar.
At the Karolinska Institute,Levi established an entirely new discipline:stress research with physicians,psychologists and sociologists. The stress concept that his group used had been recently introduced by the Bohemian-Canadian physiologist Hans Selye. All the physiological reactions that are started when an individual needs to mobilize large amounts of energy are collected under the umbrella “stress”.
Despite substantial resistance from the scientific establishment and other difficulties,he managed to start the stress research in the late 1950’s,first in a small laboratory and finally in a national institute with support from Ulf von Euler who described the role of adrenaline and noradrenaline in energy mobilization for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1970. Euler enabled the start of Levi´s chemical laboratory for the analysis of urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The physiological focus was,in the beginning,mainly on urinary catecholamine excretion but the sphere was gradually extended to the immune system,cardiovascular functions and metabolism as well as a number of stress-related hormones. In 1972 Levi defended his PhD thesis and after that he started the creation of a national institute which was inaugurated in 1980.
Levi’s work was deeply engaged in the development and consequences of a poor/good psychosocial work environment and was also engaged in longitudinal research on the psychological and physiological consequences of unemployment and they published their findings extensively. The institute became engaged in a close collaboration with the national bureau of statistics.
The politically neutral position of Selye’s stress concept may have aided Lennart Levi in the acceptance of this new line of research. Political parties both to the right and the left could see the point in giving resources to it. The activities expanded and epidemiological methods were used. Transdisciplinary study was important. For example,a large project was devoted to the consequences of unemployment.
Lennart Levi was also heavily engaged in international work in which he emphasized the importance of psychosocial factors and stress prevention. He was asked to perform keynote speeches in many international organizations in the USA,UK,Germany and the Nordic countries. WHO,ILO and EU were important partners. He was frequently engaged in societal debates.
Levi was elected as member of the Swedish parliament during the period 2006-2010. He played a critical role in the creation of the Poznan Declaration:WHOLE-OF-UNIVERSITY PROMOTION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL,HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT,September 26,2014 in which it is stated that “Our major challenges are therefore how to promote good government,ethical business and individual behavior -- and how to avoid the bad ones,and their detrimental effects on social capital,health and development.
References
Cooper, C. L. (2005). Handbook of stress medicine and health (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
Future worklife - special issue, in honor of Lennart Levi - Introduction. (1997). Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health, 23, 5-6. Levi, L. (1971). The psychosocial environment and psychosomatic diseases. Oxford University Press.
Levi, L., Uppsala, U., (1971). The Psychosocial environment and psychosomatic diseases; proceedings of an international interdisciplinary symposium held in Stockholm, April 1970. Edited by Lennart Levi. Oxford University Press.
Levi, L.(1972). Stress and distress in response to psychosocial stimuli: laboratory and real-life studies on sympatho-adreno-medullary and related reactions (1st ed.). Pergamon Press.
Levi, L. (1975). Childhood and adolescence. Oxford University Press.
Levi, L., & Andersson, L. (1975). Psychosocial stress: population, environment and quality of life / Lennart Levi and Lars Andersson. Distributed by Wiley.
Levi, L., Euler, U. S. v., & Karolinska institutet. Laboratoriet för klinisk, s. (1975). Emotions, their parameters and measurement. Raven Press.
Levi, L. (1978). The Productive and reproductive age: male/female roles and relationships / edited by Lennart Levi.
Levi, L. (1980). Stress (Vol. 28, 1979:7). Bibliotekstjänst.
Levi, L. (1981). Preventing work stress. Addison Wesley Pub. Co.
Levi, L. (1981). Working life. Oxford University Press.
Levi, L. (1984). Stress in industry: causes, effects, and prevention. International Labour Office.
Levi, L., & Kuppa, K. (1984). Work, Stress and Health. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health, 10(6), 495-500. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2295
Levi, L. (1987). Old age. Oxford University Press.
Levi, L. (1990). Four decades of Lennart Levi's research: a selection: prepared in honour of Lennart Levi on his 60th birthday. Statens institut för psykosocial miljömedicin.
Levi, L. (1997). Psychosocial Environmental Factors and Psychosocially Mediated Effects of Physical Environmental Factors. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health, 23(3), 47-52.
Levi, L. (2004). The sick Sweden--a challenge for the medical profession! Lakartidningen, 101(18), 1624.
Rossi, A. M., Perrewe, P. L., & Sauter, S. L. (2006). Stress and quality of working life: current perspectives in occupational health. Information Age Pub.
Levi, L. (2000). Work－related Stress and Health－A Challenge for All Post－Industrial Countries. The Journal of Tokyo Medical University, 58(3), 462-466.
Levi, L. (2012). Social Determinants of Stress and Stress-related Health - Promotion of Wellbeing from the Cradle to the Grave. The Japanese Journal of Stress Science, 26(4), 323-329.
Levi, L. (2016). Stress and Distress in Response to Psychosocial Stimuli: Laboratory and Real-Life Studies on Sympatho-Adrenomedullary and Related Reactions. Pergamon.
Theorell, T., Siegrist, J., & Cooper, C. L. (2024). Honouring the life and legacy of professor Lennart Levi, the father of stress medicine. Stress and Health, 40(4), e3396-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3396
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
