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The president of South Africa is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of South Africa. The president heads the executive branch of the Government of South Africa and is the commander-in-chief of the South African National Defence Force. Between 1961 and 1994, the office of head of state was the state presidency.
Land law is the form of law that deals with the rights to use, alienate, or exclude others from land. In many jurisdictions, these kinds of property are referred to as real estate or real property, as distinct from personal property. Land use agreements, including renting, are an important intersection of property and contract law. Encumbrance on the land rights of one, such as an easement, may constitute the land rights of another. Mineral rights and water rights are closely linked, and often interrelated concepts.
A holographic will, or olographic testament, is a will and testament which is a holographic document, i.e. it has been entirely handwritten and signed by the testator. Historically, a will had to be signed by witnesses attesting to the validity of the testator's signature and intent, but in many jurisdictions, holographic wills that have not been witnessed are treated equally to witnessed wills and need only to meet minimal requirements in order to be probated:
General Andreas "Kat" Liebenberg, was a South African military commander. He served as General Officer Commanding South African Special Forces (1982–85), Chief of the Army (1985–90) and Chief of the South African Defence Force (1990–93).
Liebenberg is a surname, and may refer to:
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The law of persons in South Africa regulates the birth, private-law status and the death of a natural person. It determines the requirements and qualifications for legal subjectivity in South Africa, and the rights and responsibilities that attach to it.
The South African law of succession prescribes the rules which determine the devolution of a person's estate after his death, and all matters incidental thereto. It identifies the beneficiaries who are entitled to succeed to the deceased's estate, and the extent of the benefits they are to receive, and determines the different rights and duties that persons may have in a deceased's estate. It forms part of private law.
The facts of the case in Casey v The Master, an important case in the South African law of succession, the deceased and her husband were married in community of property and had a joint will, whereby both spouses bequeathed their half of the joint estate to each other. Being safety-conscious, each night the deceased's husband slept with a loaded revolver under his pillow. One night the revolver accidentally went off while the couple was sleeping; the bullet struck the deceased, who subsequently died. The deceased's husband was convicted of culpable homicide.
In Theron v The Master (2001), an important case in the South African law of succession, Mr and Mrs Theron were married in community of property. Mr Theron died and left certain property to his grandson in a trust. Mr Theron's son was appointed as the trustee, and had signed the will as a witness. Mrs Theron sought an order declaring that their son could benefit from the will despite signing as a witness.
In Kidwell v The Master, an important case in the South African law of succession, the testator had signed right at the bottom of the will; there was about 17 centimetres (6.7 in) between the end of the will and the testator's signature. The question before the court was where the end of the will was. The court held that the will was invalid as it did not comply with section 2(1)(a)(i) of the Wills Act. The decision has been criticised as overly formalistic by some commentators, who believe the overriding criteria for the courts should be to give effect to the wishes of the testator, and this case did not do this over something seemingly insignificant.
In Ex Parte Maurice, an important case in South African succession law, the facts were these: A few weeks before his death, the deceased forwarded a draft of his will in his own handwriting to a building society, along with a letter asking them to “knock this document into shape and finalise it in legal jargon.” The question before the court was whether it should exercise its discretion to declare the will valid, even though it had not been signed by any witnesses, etc. The court held that there are three requirements which must be fulfilled before condonation is given:
- The document must be drafted or executed by a person
- who has since died;
- and who intended the document to be his will.
In Macdonald v The Master, an important case in the South African law of succession, the deceased had left four handwritten notes before he committed suicide. In one of the notes, there was an indication that his will was to be found on his computer at work in a particular file. The document on the computer was not signed by the deceased nor any witnesses; the Master rejected it.
In Van Zyl v Esterhuyse, an important case in the law of succession in South Africa, the applicant applied for the rectification of a joint will executed by herself and her deceased husband. The will appointed her as the sole heir subject to the conditions
Testate succession exists under the law of succession in South Africa.
Lee-Ann Liebenberg is a South African model. She is notable as 2005 FHM-South Africa's Sexiest Woman In the World. In 2013 she appeared on the inaugural cover of the South African edition of Maxim. She was featured in Sports Illustrated, Cosmopolitan and Women's Health.
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EW Viljoen is a South African rugby union player playing for the Johannesburg based Lions. He previously played for the Stormers in Super Rugby and Western Province in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge, while also representing the Leicester Tigers. It was announced on the 14th of July 2020 that Viljoen would be joining the Lions. He is a utility back that can play as a fullback, winger or centre.
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References
- Liebenberg v The Master 1992 (3) SA 57 (D).
