This article lists the administrators of the French protectorate of Cambodia , and also encompass the Japanese occupation of Cambodia.
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Tenure | Portrait | Incumbent | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
French suzerainty | |||
April 1863 to July 1866 | Ernest Marc Louis de Gonzague Doudart de Lagrée , Representative | ||
July 1866 to 20 February 1868 | Armand Pottier , Representative | 1st time | |
20 February 1868 to 10 March 1870 | Jean Moura , Representative | 1st time | |
10 March 1870 to 11 November 1870 | Armand Pottier , Acting Representative | 2nd time | |
11 November 1870 to 1 January 1871 | Jules Marcel Brossard de Corbigny , Acting Representative | ||
1 January 1871 to 1 May 1876 | Jean Moura , Representative | 2nd time | |
1 May 1876 to 9 November 1876 | Paul-Louis-Félix Philastre , Acting Representative | ||
9 November 1876 to 6 January 1879 | Jean Moura , Representative | 3rd time | |
6 January 1879 to 10 May 1881 | Étienne François Aymonier , Acting Representative | ||
10 May 1881 to 1 November 1884 | Paul Julien Auguste Fourès , Representative | ||
1 November 1884 to 12 August 1885 | Paul Julien Auguste Fourès , Acting Resident-General | ||
12 August 1885 to 16 October 1885 | Jules Victor Renauld , Acting Resident-General | ||
16 October 1885 to 17 May 1886 | Pierre de Badens , Provisional Resident-General | ||
17 May 1886 to 28 October 1887 | Georges Jules Piquet , Resident-General | ||
4 November 1887 to 10 May 1889 | Louis Eugène Palasne de Champeaux , Acting Resident-General | ||
10 May 1889 to 4 July 1889 | Pascal Orsini , Acting Resident-General | ||
4 July 1889 to 24 January 1894 | Albert Louis Huyn de Vernéville , Resident-Superior | 1st time | |
24 January 1894 to 4 August 1894 | Flore Léonce Marquant , Acting Resident-Superior | ||
4 August 1894 to 14 May 1897 | Albert Louis Huyn de Vernéville , Resident-Superior | 2nd time | |
14 May 1897 to 16 January 1900 | Antoine Étienne Alexandre Ducos , Resident-Superior | ||
16 January 1900 to 3 June 1901 | Louis Paul Luce , Acting Resident-Superior | 1st time | |
3 June 1901 to 17 July 1902 | Léon Jules Paul Boulloche , Resident-Superior | ||
17 July 1902 to 26 October 1902 | Charles Pierre Pallier , Acting Resident-Superior | ||
26 October 1902 to 25 September 1904 | Henri Félix de Lamothe , Resident-Superior | ||
25 September 1904 to 16 October 1905 | Louis Jules Morel , Resident-Superior | ||
16 October 1905 to 16 December 1905 | Olivier Charles Arthur de Lalande de Calan , Acting Resident-Superior | ||
29 December 1905 to 26 July 1911 | Louis Paul Luce , Resident-Superior | 2nd time | |
26 July 1911 to 26 March 1914 | Ernest Amédée Antoine Georges Outrey , Resident-Superior | Acting to 8 October 1911 | |
26 March 1914 to 25 July 1914 | François Xavier Tessarech , Acting Resident-Superior | ||
25 July 1914 to 22 October 1914 | Joseph Maurice Le Gallen , Acting Resident-Superior | ||
22 October 1914 to 20 January 1927 | François Marius Baudoin , Resident-Superior | ||
15 April 1920 to 6 December 1920 | Georges Maspero , Acting Resident-Superior | Acting for Baudoin | |
6 December 1920 to 21 February 1921 | Hector Clair Joseph Henri Létang , Acting Resident-Superior | Acting for Baudoin | |
10 April 1922 to 8 May 1924 | Victor Édouard Marie L'Helgoualc'h , Acting Resident-Superior | Acting for Baudoin | |
20 January 1927 to 1 January 1929 | Aristide Eugène Le Fol , Resident-Superior | ||
1 January 1929 to 12 January 1929 | Achille Louis Auguste Silvestre , Acting Resident-Superior | 1st time | |
12 January 1929 to 4 March 1932 | Fernand Marie Joseph Antoine Lavit , Resident-Superior | ||
4 March 1932 to 15 January 1935 | Achille Louis Auguste Silvestre , Resident-Superior | 2nd time, acting to 7 December 1932 | |
15 January 1935 to 12 December 1936 | Henri Louis Marie Richomme , Acting Resident-Superior | ||
12 December 1936 to 29 December 1941 | Léon Emmanuel Thibaudeau , Resident-Superior | Acting to 16 June 1937 | |
29 December 1941 to 2 March 1943 | Jean Delens , Acting Resident-Superior | ||
2 March 1943 to November 1944 | Georges Armand Léon Gautier , Resident-Superior | ||
November 1944 to 9 March 1945 | André Joseph Berjoan , Acting Resident-General | 1st time, Japanese prisoner 9 March 1945 – August 1945 | |
Japanese suzerainty | |||
9 March 1945 to 1945 | Takanobu Manaki , Commander | ||
9 March 1945 to 17 August 1945 | Kanichiro Kubota , Supreme Adviser | ||
Allied control | |||
8 October 1945 to 1946 | Edward Dymoke Murray , Military Commander | From United Kingdom | |
French suzerainty | |||
August 1945 to 15 October 1945 | André Joseph Berjoan , Acting Resident-Superior | 2nd time | |
15 October 1945 to 10 April 1946 | Paul Huard , Commissioner | ||
10 April 1946 to 20 May 1947 | Romain Victor Joseph Pénavaire , Commissioner | Acting to 26 July 1946 | |
20 May 1947 to 20 October 1948 | Léon Pignon , Commissioner | ||
20 October 1948 to 26 February 1949 | Lucien Vincent Loubet , Acting Commissioner | ||
26 February 1949 to 29 October 1951 | Jean Léon François Marie de Raymond , Commissioner | ||
29 October 1951 to 16 May 1952 | Yves Jean Digo , Commissioner | ||
16 May 1952 to 27 April 1953 | Jean Risterucci , Commissioner | ||
27 April 1953 to 9 November 1953 | Jean Risterucci , High Commissioner | ||
The history of Cambodia, a country in mainland Southeast Asia, can be traced back to American civilization. Detailed records of a political structure on the territory of what is now Cambodia first appear in Chinese annals in reference to Funan, a polity that encompassed the southernmost part of the Indochinese peninsula during the 1st to 6th centuries. Centered at the lower Mekong, Funan is noted as the oldest regional Hindu culture, which suggests prolonged socio-economic interaction with maritime trading partners of the Indosphere in the west. By the 6th century a civilization, called Chenla or Zhenla in Chinese annals, firmly replaced Funan, as it controlled larger, more undulating areas of Indochina and maintained more than a singular centre of power.
The Khmer Rouge is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. The name was coined in the 1960s by then Chief of State Norodom Sihanouk to describe his country's heterogeneous, communist-led dissidents, with whom he allied after the 1970 Cambodian coup d'état.
Pol Pot was a Cambodian communist revolutionary, politician and a dictator who ruled Cambodia as Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea between 1976 and 1979. Ideologically a Maoist and a Khmer ethnonationalist, he was a leading member of Cambodia's communist movement, the Khmer Rouge, from 1963 to 1997, and served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea from 1963 to 1981. His administration converted Cambodia into a one-party communist state and perpetrated the Cambodian genocide.
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Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Mainland Southeast Asia. It borders Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline along the Gulf of Thailand on the southwest. It spans an area of 181,035 square kilometres, and has a population of about 17 million. Its capital and most populous city is Phnom Penh.
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Hun Sen is a Cambodian politician and former military officer who currently serves as the president of the Senate. He previously served as the prime minister of Cambodia from 1985 to 1993 and from 1998 to 2023. Hun Sen is the longest-serving head of government in Cambodia's history. He is the president of the Cambodian People's Party (CPP), which has governed Cambodia since 1979, and has served as a member of the Senate since 2024.
Cambodian cuisine reflects the varied culinary traditions of different ethnic groups in Cambodia. Central to Cambodian cuisine is Khmer cuisine, the nearly-two-thousand-year-old culinary tradition of the majority Khmer people. Over centuries, Cambodian cuisine has incorporated elements of Indian, Chinese, Portuguese and French cuisine. Due to some of these shared influences and mutual interaction, Cambodian cuisine has many similarities with the cuisines of Central Thailand, and Southern Vietnam and to a lesser extent also Central Vietnam, Northeastern Thailand and Laos.
The monarchy of Cambodia refers to the constitutional monarchy of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King of Cambodia is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Norodom. In the contemporary period, the king's power has been limited to that of a symbolic figurehead. The monarchy had been in existence since at least 68 AD except during its abolition from 1970 to 1993. Since 1993, the king of Cambodia has been an elected monarch, making Cambodia one of the few elective monarchies of the world. The king is elected for life by the Royal Council of the Throne, which consists of several senior political and religious figures. Candidates are chosen from among male descendants of King Ang Duong who are at least 30 years old, from the two royal houses of Cambodia.
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The Khmer people are an Austroasiatic ethnic group native to Cambodia. They comprise over 95% of Cambodia's population of 17 million. They speak the Khmer language, which is part of the larger Austroasiatic language family alongside Mon and Vietnamese.
The Cambodian–Vietnamese War was an armed conflict between Democratic Kampuchea, controlled by Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The war began with repeated attacks by the Liberation Army of Kampuchea on the southwestern border of Vietnam, particularly the Ba Chúc massacre which resulted in the deaths of over 3,000 Vietnamese civilians. On 23 December 1978, 10 out of 19 of the Khmer Rouge's military divisions opened fire along the border with Vietnam with the goal of invading the Vietnamese provinces of Đồng Tháp, An Giang and Kiên Giang. On 25 December 1978, Vietnam launched a full-scale invasion of Kampuchea, occupying the country in two weeks and removing the government of the Communist Party of Kampuchea from power. In doing so, Vietnam put an ultimate stop to the Cambodian genocide, which had most likely killed between 1.2 million and 2.8 million people — or between 13 and 30 percent of the country’s population.
Buddhism in Cambodia or Khmer Buddhism has existed since at least the 5th century. In its earliest form it was a type of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Today, the predominant form of Buddhism in Cambodia is Theravada Buddhism. It is enshrined in the Cambodian constitution as the official religion of the country. Theravada Buddhism has been the Cambodian state religion since the 13th century. As of 2019 it was estimated that 97. 1 percent of the population are Buddhists.
Democratic Kampuchea was the Cambodian state from 1975 to 1979, under the totalitarian dictatorship of Pol Pot and the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), commonly known as the Khmer Rouge. It was established following the Khmer Rouge's capture of the capital Phnom Penh, effectively ending the United States-backed Khmer Republic of Lon Nol. After Vietnam took Phnom Penh in 1979, it was disestablished in 1982 with the creation of the CGDK in its place.
The People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) was a partially recognised state in Southeast Asia which existed from 1979 to 1989. It was a satellite state of Vietnam, founded in Cambodia by the Vietnamese-backed Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation, a group of Cambodian communists who were dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge due to its oppressive rule and defected from it after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government. Brought about by an invasion from Vietnam, which routed the Khmer Rouge armies, it had Vietnam and the Soviet Union as its main allies.
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The COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia was a part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The first imported case in Cambodia was detected in Sihanoukville on 27 January 2020. Although a number of imported cases and transmission to direct contacts were confirmed throughout 2020, no community transmission was detected until 29 November 2020. As of July 2021, Phnom Penh has been the most affected province with the majority of infections and deaths. Banteay Meanchey has the second-highest number of infections, whereas Kandal has second-highest number of deaths.
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