The governor of the Punjab was head of the British administration in the province of the Punjab. In 1849 the East India Company defeated the Sikh Empire and annexed the Punjab region. The governor-general of India, Lord Dalhousie, implemented a three-member Board of Administration to govern the province. [1] The Board of Administration was abolished in 1853 and replaced by the office of chief commissioner. [2] Following the liquidation of the East India Company and the transfer of its assets to the British Crown, the office of lieutenant-governor was instituted in 1859. This lasted until it was replaced by the office of governor in the aftermath of the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms.
In 1947, the British Raj came to an end and India was partitioned and Pakistan was created. The Punjab was partitioned into West Punjab and East Punjab, with the former joining Pakistan and the latter India. In Pakistan, the first governor of West Punjab was Sir Francis Mudie. In 1955, West Punjab was dissolved, and became Punjab province. In 1966, East Punjab was divided into the present-day Indian states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.
# | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Notes | ||
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President of the Board of Administration | ||||||
1 | SirHenry Montgomery Lawrence (1806–1857) | 1 Apr 1849 | 17 January 1853 |
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Chief Commissioners | ||||||
1 | John Laird Mair Lawrence (1811–1879) | 18 January 1853 | 31 Dec 1858 |
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Lieutenant-Governors | ||||||
1 | SirJohn Laird Mair Lawrence, Bt (1811–1879) | 1 Jan 1859 | 25 Feb 1859 |
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2 | SirRobert Montgomery (1809–1887) | 25 Feb 1859 | 10 Jan 1865 |
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3 | Sir Donald Friell McLeod (1810–1872) | 10 Jan 1865 | 1 Jun 1870 |
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4 | SirHenry Marion Durand (1812–1871) | 1 Jun 1870 | 20 Jan 1871 | |||
5 | Sir Robert Henry Davies (1824–1902) | 20 Jan 1871 | 2 Apr 1877 |
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6 | SirRobert Eyles Egerton (1827–1912) | 2 Apr 1877 | 3 Apr 1882 | |||
7 | SirCharles Umpherston Aitchinson (1832–1896) | 3 Apr 1882 | 2 Apr 1887 |
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8 | Sir James Broadwood Lyall (1838–1916) | 2 Apr 1887 | 5 Mar 1892 |
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9 | SirDennis Fitzpatrick (1837–1920) | 5 Mar 1892 | 6 Mar 1897 |
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10 | SirWilliam Mackworth Young (1840–1924) | 6 Mar 1897 | 6 Mar 1902 |
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11 | SirCharles Montgomery Rivaz (1845–1926) | 6 Mar 1902 | 6 Mar 1907 |
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12 | SirDenzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson (1847–1908) | 6 Mar 1907 | 26 May 1907 | |||
– | Thomas Gordon Walker (1849–1917) | 26 May 1907 | 12 Aug 1907 |
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12 | SirDenzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson (1847–1908) | 12 Aug 1907 | 22 Jan 1908 |
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– | Thomas Gordon Walker (1849–1917) | 22 Jan 1908 | 25 May 1908 |
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13 | SirLouis William Dane (1856–1946) | 25 May 1908 | 28 Apr 1911 |
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– | James McCrone Douie (1854–1935) | 28 Apr 1911 | 4 Aug 1911 |
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13 | SirLouis William Dane (1856–1946) | 4 Aug 1911 | 26 May 1913 |
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14 | SirMichael Francis O'Dwyer (1864–1940) | 26 May 1913 | 26 May 1919 | |||
15 | SirEdward Douglas Maclagan (1864–1952) | 26 May 1919 | 3 Jan 1921 | |||
Governors | ||||||
1 | SirEdward Douglas Maclagan (1864–1952) | 3 Jan 1921 | 31 May 1924 |
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2 | SirWilliam Malcolm Hailey (1872–1969) | 31 May 1924 | 9 Aug 1928 |
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3 | SirGeoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency (1876–1955) | 9 Aug 1928 | 19 Jul 1932 |
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– | Sikandar Hayat Khan (1892–1942) | 19 Jul 1932 | 19 Oct 1932 |
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3 | SirGeoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency (1876–1955) | 19 Oct 1932 | 12 Apr 1933 | |||
4 | SirHerbert William Emerson (1881–1962) | 12 Apr 1933 | 1 Feb 1934 | |||
– | SirSikandar Hayat Khan (1892–1942) | 15 Feb 1934 | 9 Jun 1934 |
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4 | SirHerbert William Emerson (1881–1962) | 9 Jun 1934 | 4 Apr 1938 | |||
5 | SirHenry Duffield Craik, Bt (1876–1955) | 4 Apr 1938 | 7 Apr 1941 | |||
6 | SirBertrand James Glancy (1882–1953) | 7 Apr 1941 | 8 Apr 1946 | |||
7 | SirEvan Meredith Jenkins (1896–1985) | 8 Apr 1946 | 15 Aug 1947 |
Punjab is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Punjab's major cities are Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Sialkot, Chandigarh, Shimla, Jalandhar, Gurugram, and Bahawalpur.
Punjab is a province of Pakistan. Located in central-eastern region of the country, Punjab is the second-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the largest province by population. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the north-west, Balochistan to the south-west and Sindh to the south, as well as Islamabad Capital Territory to the north-west and Azad Kashmir to the north. It shares an International border with the Indian states of Rajasthan and Punjab to the east and Indian-administered Kashmir to the north-east. Punjab is the most fertile province of the country as River Indus and its four major tributaries Ravi, Jhelum, Chenab and Sutlej flow through it.
The Partition of India in 1947 was the change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent and the creation of two independent dominions in South Asia: India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan—which at the time comprised two regions lying on either side of India—is now the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition was outlined in the Indian Independence Act 1947. The change of political borders notably included the division of two provinces of British India, Bengal and Punjab. The majority Muslim districts in these provinces were awarded to Pakistan and the majority non-Muslim to India. The other assets that were divided included the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Royal Indian Air Force, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury. Self-governing independent Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 and 15 August 1947 respectively.
Events in the year 1947 in India. It was a very eventful year as it became independent from the British crown, resulting in the split of India and Pakistan. Many people died during partition and India became a democracy.
The Second Anglo-Sikh War was a military conflict between the Sikh Empire and the East India Company which took place in 1848 and 1849. It resulted in the fall of the Sikh Empire, and the annexation of the Punjab and what subsequently became the North-West Frontier Province, by the East India Company.
The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcated between the Indian and Pakistani portions of the Punjab Province and Bengal Presidency of British India. It was named after Cyril Radcliffe, who, as the joint chairman of the two boundary commissions for the two provinces, had the ultimate responsibility to equitably divide 175,000 square miles (450,000 km2) of territory with 88 million people.
The Indian Independence Act 1947 is an action of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan. The Act received Royal Assent on 18 July 1947 and thus modern-day India and Pakistan, comprising west and east regions, came into being on 15 August.
The Sikh Empire was a state originating in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. The empire existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. It was forged on the foundations of the Khalsa from a collection of autonomous Sikh Misl. At its peak in the 19th century, the Empire extended from Gilgit and Tibet in the north to the deserts of Sindh in the south and from the Khyber Pass in the west to the Sutlej in the east as far as Oudh. It was divided into four provinces: Lahore, which became the Sikh capital; Multan; Peshawar; and Kashmir from 1799 to 1849. Religiously diverse, with an estimated population of 4.5 million in 1831, it was the last major region of the Indian subcontinent to be annexed by the British Empire.
Punjab was a province of British India. Most of the Punjab region was annexed by the East India Company in 2 April 1849, and declared a province of British Rule, it was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent to fall under British control. In 1858, the Punjab, along with the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British Crown. It had an area of 358,354.5 km2.
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another, they existed between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods:
The Dominion of Pakistan, officially Pakistan, was an independent federal dominion in the Commonwealth of Nations, existing between 14 August 1947 and 23 March 1956, created by the passing of the Indian Independence Act 1947 by the British parliament, which also created an independent Dominion of India.
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.
Punjabi Hindus are adherents of Hinduism who identify linguistically, culturally, and genealogically as Punjabis and are natives of the Punjab region of the Indian Subcontinent. While Punjabi Hindus are mostly found in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Chandigarh today, many have ancestry across the greater Punjab region, which was partitioned between India and Pakistan in 1947.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lahore, Pakistan.
The Jammu–Sialkot line was a 43 km (27 mi) broad gauge branch of the North Western State Railway from Wazirabad Junction, Punjab, to Jammu, passing through the Sialkot Junction. The section from Sialkot to Jammu (Tawi) was 27 miles (43 km) long, partly in the British Indian province of Punjab and partly in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir Built in 1890 during the reign of Maharaja Pratap Singh, it was the first railway line in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
The Janjua is a Punjabi Rajput clan found predominantly in the Pothohar Plateau of Pakistani Punjab. They are sometimes classified as Jats.
Nawab Iftikhar Hussain Khan of Mamdot was a Pakistani politician and a key supporter of the Pakistan Movement in British India. After Pakistan's Independence, He served as the 1st Chief Minister of West Punjab and later as the Governor of Sindh.
Deputy Commissioner is a chief administrative, land revenue officer/collector and representative of government in district or an administrative sub-unit of a Division in Pakistan He belongs to the commission of Pakistan Administrative Service (PAS) erstwhile DMG/CSP or the Provincial Management Service (PMS) erstwhile Provincial Civil Service PCS. The PMS officers serve in their respective provinces only whereas PAS officers are posted throughout Pakistan. Deputy commissioners perform their duties under the supervision of a divisional commissioner and commissioners have generally a ceremonial role.
The Punjab Archives was established in 1924. It preserves Government records and provides access to its vast holdings of cultural and historical materials to researchers from home and abroad. The records in the Punjab Archives date back to 17th century and cover the Pre-Colonial, Colonial and Post-Independence era in South Asia. The archival holdings number more than seven million files of unique documents and rare books. These records officially belong to Punjab Government, dating back to the year 1629. Its mission is to drive openness, cultivate public participation and make them available to Government officials. The access to the record will be expanded to general public through a system of nation-wide digitization.