List of horseshoe bats

Horseshoe bats are bats in the family Rhinolophidae, which is in the superfamily Rhinolophoidea. All extant horseshoe bats are in the genus Rhinolophus. There is one extinct genus of horseshoe bats, Palaeonycteris . As of 2019, there were 106 described species in Rhinolophus, making it the second-most speciose genus of bat after Myotis . ^[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically Endangered (1 species)
EN	Endangered (7 species)
VU	Vulnerable (6 species)
NT	Near threatened (8 species)
LC	Least concern (52 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (13 species)
NE	Not evaluated (17 species)

Conservation statuses listed for each species follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. The symbol indicates that the species's population trend is positive, the symbol indicates that the species's population trend is negative, the symbol indicates that the species's population is stable, and the ? symbol indicates that the species's population trend is unknown. Population trends are based on the Red List of Threatened Species. The super-scripted "IUCN" tag is a link to that species's Red List of Threatened Species page. If a species has taxonomic synonyms, a list of these is provided in the "Scientific name" column, underneath the binomial name and author. If a species has subspecies, a list of these is provided in the "Common name" column, underneath the common name.

Palaeonycteris

• † Palaeonycteris robustus : known only from fossils. ^[2]

Rhinolophus

Rhinolophus can be informally divided into two clades: the predominantly African clade and the predominantly Oriental clade. ^[3]

African clade

Subgenus Rhinolophus

Subgenus Rhinolophus – 8 species groups, [lower-alpha 1] 38 species

Species group R. adami – 2 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Adam's horseshoe bat R. adami [6] [7] Aellen & Brosset, 1968 hDD IUCN ? – Maendeleo horseshoe bat (Tanzanian horseshoe bat) R. maendeleo [8] [9] Kock, Csorba & Howell, 2000 hDD IUCN ? –

Species group R. capensis – 6 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Cape horseshoe bat R. capensis [10] [11] Lichtenstein, 1823 Synonym: [11] R. auritus Sundevall, 1860 aLC IUCN Dent's horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 2] R. d. denti Thomas, 1904 R. d. knorri Eisentraut, 1960 R. denti [10] [12] Thomas, 1904 aLC IUCN ? – Bushveld horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 3] R. s. simulator K.Andersen, 1904 R. s. alticolus Sanborn, 1936 R. simulator [10] [13] K.Andersen, 1904 Synonym: [13] R. bembanicus Senna, 1914 aLC IUCN – Swinny's horseshoe bat R. swinnyi [10] [14] Gough, 1908 aLC IUCN ? – Roberts' horseshoe bat R. rhodesiae [15] Roberts, 1946 iNE – – – (Least horseshoe bat) R. gorongosae [15] Taylor, Macdonald, Goodman, Kearney, Cotterill, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Guyton, Naskrecki & Richards, 2018 iNE – –

Species group R. euryale – 2 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Mediterranean horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 4] R. e. euryale K.Andersen, 1904 R. e. judaicus K.Andersen & Matschie, 1904 R. euryale [16] Blasius, 1853 Synonyms: [16] ?R. algirus Loche, 1867 [lower-alpha 5] R. toscanus K.Andersen & Matschie, 1904 R. atlanticus K.Andersen & Matschie, 1904 R. cabrerae K.Andersen & Matschie, 1904 R. meridionalis K.Andersen & Matschie, 1904 R. barbarus K.Andersen & Matschie, 1904 R. judaicus K.Andersen & Matschie, 1904 R. euryale nordmanni Satunin, 1912 bNT IUCN Mehely's horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 6] R. m. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 R. m. tuneti Deleuil & Labbe, 1955 R. mehelyi [17] Matschie, 1901 Synonyms: [17] R. carpetanus Cabrera, 1904 R. euryale tuneti Deleuil & Labbe, 1955 cVU IUCN

Species group R. ferrumquinum – 10 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Bokhara horseshoe bat R. bocharicus [18] Kastschenko & Akimov, 1917 aLC IUCN Geoffroy's horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 7] R. c. clivosus Cretzschmar, 1828 R. c. brachygnathus K.Andersen, 1905 R. c. schwartzi Heim de Balsac, 1934 R. c. acrotis Heuglin, 1861 R. c. keniensis Hollister, 1916 R. c. zuluensis K.Andersen, 1904 R. c. augur K.Andersen, 1904 R. clivosus [19] Cretzschmar, 1828 Synonyms: [19] ?R. geoffroyii Smith, 1829 [lower-alpha 5] R. acrotis Heuglin, 1861 R. augur K.Andersen, 1904 R. andersoni Thomas, 1904 R. augur zuluensis K.Andersen, 1904 R. augur zambziensis K.Andersen, 1904 R. acrotis brachygnathus K.Andersen, 1905 R. keniensis Hollister, 1916 R. acrotis schwartzi Heim de Balsac, 1934 aLC IUCN ? Damara horseshoe bat R. damarensis [20] Roberts, 1946 aLC IUCN ? In Angola, Namibia, and South Africa. – Darling's horseshoe bat R. darlingi [21] K. Andersen, 1905 aLC IUCN ? – Decken's horseshoe bat R. deckenii [22] Peters, 1867 bNT IUCN Greater horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 8] R. f. ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) R. f. creticum Illiopolou-Georgudaki & Ondrias, 1986 R. f. irani Cheeseman, 1921 R. f. proximus K.Andersen, 1905 R. f. tragatus Hodgson, 1835 R. f. korai Kuroda, 1938 R. f. nippon Temminck, 1835 R. ferrumequinum [23] (Schreber, 1774) Synonyms: [23] Vespertilio ferrumequinum Schreber, 1774 Vespertilio equinus Müller, 1776 Vespertilio solea Zimmermann, 1777 Vespertilio perspicillatus Blumenbach, 1779 Vespertilio ungula Boddaert, 1785 Vespertilio ferrumequinum major Kerr, 1792 Vespertilio hippocrepis Schrank, 1798 Rhinolophus major É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 Vespertilio unihastatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 ?R. unifer Kaup, 1829 [lower-alpha 9] R. nippon Temminck, 1835 R. tragatus Hodgson, 1835 R. f. germanicus L. Koch, 1863 R. f. italicus L. Koch, 1863 ?R. brevitarsus Blyth, 1863 [lower-alpha 9] R. unihastatus homorodalmasiensis Daday, 1885 R. f. homorodensis Daday, 1887 [lower-alpha 10] R. f. obscurus Cabrera, 1904 R. f. regulus K.Andersen, 1905 R. f. insulanus Barrett-Hamilton, 1910 R. f. colchicus Satunin, 1912 R. f. mikadoi Ognev, 1927 R. nippon pachyodontus Kishida & Mori, 1931 [lower-alpha 9] R. quelpartis Mori, 1933 R. fudisanus Kishida, 1940 R. kosidianus Kishida, 1940 R. norikuranus Kishida, 1940 R. ogasimanus Kishida, 1940 R. f. martinoi Petrov, 1941 R. bocharicus rubiginosus Gubarev, 1941 aLC IUCN Hills' horseshoe bat (Upland horseshoe bat) R. hillorum [24] [25] (Koopman, 1989) bNT IUCN – Sakeji horseshoe bat R. sakejiensis [26] [25] Cotterill, 2002 hDD IUCN ? Forest horseshoe bat R. silvestris [27] Aellen, 1959 hDD IUCN – Horáček's horseshoe bat R. horaceki [lower-alpha 11] [29] Benda & Vallo, 2012 iNE In Cyrenaica, Libya. –

Species group R. fumigatus – 2 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Eloquent horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 12] R. e. eloquens K. Andersen, 1905 R. e. perauritus De Beaux, 1922 R. eloquens [30] K. Andersen, 1905 aLC IUCN ? Rüppell's horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 13] R. f. fumigatus Rüppell, 1842 R. f. exsul K. Andersen, 1905 R. f. abae Allen, 1917 R. f. foxi Thomas, 1913 R. f. diversus Sanborn, 1939 R. f. aethiops Peters, 1869 R. fumigatus [31] Rüppell, 1842 Synonyms: [31] R. aethiops Peters, 1869 R. macrocephalus Heuglin, 1877 R. antinorii Dobson, 1885 R. foxi Thomas, 1913 R. acrotis Allen, 1914 R. abae Allen, 1917 R. aethiops diversus Sanborn, 1939 aLC IUCN ?

Species group R. hildebrandtii – 5 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Cohen's horseshoe bat R. cohenae [5] Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss and Cotterill, 2012 cVU IUCN In South African province of Mpumalanga – Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat R. hildebrandtii [32] Peters, 1878 aLC IUCN ? – Mount Mabu horseshoe bat R. mabuensis [5] Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss and Cotterill, 2012 dEN IUCN ? In Mozambique – Mozambican horseshoe bat R. mossambicus [5] Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss and Cotterill, 2012 aLC IUCN In Mozambique and Zimbabwe – Smithers's horseshoe bat R. smithersi [5] Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss and Cotterill, 2012 bNT IUCN In South Africa and Zimbabwe

Species group R. landeri – 5 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Halcyon horseshoe bat R. alcyone [33] Temminck, 1852 aLC IUCN ? – Blasius's horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 14] R. b. blasii Peters, 1866 R. b. meyeroehmi Felten, 1977 R. b. andreinii Senna, 1905 R. b. empusa K. Andersen, 1904 R. blasii [34] Peters, 1866 Synonyms: R. empusa K. Andersen, 1904 R. andreinii Senna, 1905 R. brockmani Thomas, 1910 aLC IUCN Guinean horseshoe bat R. guineensis [35] Eisentraut, 1960 cVU IUCN ? – Lander's horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 15] R. l. landeri Martin, 1837 R. l. angolensis Seabra, 1898 R. landeri [36] Martin, 1837 Synonyms: R. angolensis Seabra, 1898 R. dobsoni Thomas, 1904 R. axillaris Allen, 1917 aLC IUCN ? Peters' horseshoe bat R. lobatus [15] Peters, 1852 iNE from Sudan and Ethiopia south to Transvaal, Zanzibar –

Species group R. maclaudi – 6 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Hill's horseshoe bat R. hilli [37] Aellen, 1973 eCR IUCN – Maclaud's horseshoe bat R. maclaudi [38] Pousargues, 1897 dEN IUCN – Ruwenzori horseshoe bat R. ruwenzorii [39] Hill, 1942 cVU IUCN – Ziama horseshoe bat R. ziama [37] Fahr, Vierhaus, Hütterer & Kock, 2002 dEN IUCN – Willard's horseshoe bat R. willardi [40] Kerbis Peterhans & Fahr, 2013 iNE In eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo – Kahuzi horseshoe bat R. kahuzi [40] Fahr & Kerbis Peterhans, 2013 iNE In eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo –

Oriental clade

Subgenus Aquias

Subgenus Aquias – 1 species group, 9 species

Species group R. trifoliatus – 9 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (Beddome's horseshoe bat) Subspecies: [lower-alpha 16] R. b. beddomei Andersen, 1905 R. b. sobrinus Andersen, 1918 R. beddomei [41] Andersen, 1905 [42] aLC IUCN Formosan woolly horseshoe bat R. formosae [43] Sanborn, 1939 aLC IUCN – Great woolly horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 17] R. l. luctus Temminck, 1835 R. l. spurcus G. M. Allen, 1928 R. l. foetidus Andersen, 1918 R. luctus [44] Temminck, 1835 Synonyms: R. geminus Andersen, 1905 aLC IUCN ? (range map no longer valid, now thought to be endemic to Indonesia) [45] Selangor woolly horseshoe bat R. luctoides [46] [lower-alpha 18] Volleth, Loidl, Mayer, Yong, Müller & Heller, 2015 iNE Recorded in Malaysia – Malaysian woolly horseshoe bat R. morio [46] [lower-alpha 18] Gray, 1842 iNE In Malay Peninsula, northern Sumatra – Northern woolly horseshoe bat R. perniger [47] [48] [lower-alpha 18] Hodgson, 1843 iNE Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and China – Lesser woolly horseshoe bat R. sedulus [49] [50] Andersen, 1905 bNT IUCN – Trefoil horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 19] R. t. trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 R. t. edax Andersen, 1918 R. t. niasensis Andersen, 1918 R. t. solitarius Andersen, 1918 R. trifoliatus [51] Temminck, 1834 aLC IUCN ? Francis’ woolly horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 20] R. f. francisi Soisook, Struebig, Bates & Miguez, 2015 [52] R. f. thailandicus Soisook & Bates, 2015 [52] R. francisi [52] Soisook, Struebig, Bates & Miguez, 2015 iNE In Malaysia and Thailand –

Subgenus Phyllorhina

Subgenus Phyllorhina – 1 species group, 1 species

Species group R. hipposideros – 1 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Lesser horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 21] R. h. hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800) R. h. escalerae Andersen, 1918 R. h. minimus Heuglin, 1861 R. h. majori Andersen, 1918 R. h. minutus Montagu, 1808 R. h. midas Andersen, 1905 R. hipposideros [53] (Bechstein, 1800) Synonyms: Vespertilio ferrumequinum minor Kerr,1792 [lower-alpha 22] Noctilio hipposideros Bechstein, 1800 Vespertilio minutus Montagu, 1808 R. bihastatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 ?R. bifer Kaup, 1829 [lower-alpha 9] R. minimus Heuglin, 1861 R. h. alpinus L. Koch, 1863 R. h. pallidus L. Koch, 1863 R. eggenhöffner Fitzinger, 1870 R. bihastatus kisnyiresiensis Daday, 1885 R. h. troglophilus Daday, 1887 [lower-alpha 23] R. euryale helvetica Bretscher, 1904 R. phasma Cabrera, 1904 R. midas Andersen, 1905 R. anomalus Söderlund, 1920 R. intermedius Söderlund, 1920 R. h. vespa Laurent, 1937 R. h. intermediius Laurent, 1943 [lower-alpha 24] R. moravicus Kostron, 1943 aLC IUCN

Subgenus Indorhinolophus

Subgenus Indorhinolophus – 1 species group, 4 species

Species group R. rouxi – 4 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Rufous horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 25] R. r. rouxii Temminck, 1835 R. r. rubidus Kelaart, 1850 R. rouxii [54] Temminck, 1835 Synonyms: R. rubidus Kelaart, 1850 R. fulvidus Blyth, 1851 [lower-alpha 26] R. cinerascens Kelaart, 1852 R. rammanika Kelaart, 1852 R. petersi Dobson, 1872 aLC IUCN ? – R. indorouxii [55] Chattopadhyay, Garg, Kumar, Doss, Ramakrishnan, & Kandula, 2012 hDD IUCN ? In Southern India – Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (Chinese Horseshoe Bat) Subspecies: [lower-alpha 27] R. s. sinicus K. Andersen, 1905 R. s. septentrionalis Sanborn, 1939 R. sinicus [56] K. Andersen, 1905 Synonyms: R. rouxii sinicus K. Andersen, 1905 R. thomasi septentrionalis Sanborn, 1939 aLC IUCN ? Thomas's horseshoe bat R. thomasi [57] K. Andersen, 1905 Synonyms: R. t. latifolius Sanborn, 1939 aLC IUCN ? –

Subgenus Coelophyllus

Subgenus Coelophyllus – 2 species groups, 17 species

Species group R. pearsonii – 4 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat R. chiewkweeae [58] [lower-alpha 28] Yoshiyuki & Lim, 2005 iNE In Malaysia – Pearson's horseshoe bat R. pearsonii [59] Horsfield, 1851 Synonyms: R. larvatus Milne-Edwards, 1872 R. p chinensis K. Andersen, 1905 aLC IUCN ? Thailand horseshoe bat R. thailandensis [60] Wu, Harada & Motokawa, 2009 iNE In Thailand – Dobson's horseshoe bat R. yunanensis [61] Dobson, 1872 aLC IUCN ? –

Species group R. euryotis – 13 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Arcuate horseshoe bat (Andersen's horseshoe bat) Subspecies: [lower-alpha 29] R. a. arcuatus Peters, 1871 R. a. beccarii K. Andersen, 1907 R. a. exiguus K. Andersen, 1907 R. a. toxopei Hinton, 1925 R. a. angustifolius Sanborn, 1939 R. arcuatus [62] Peters, 1871 Synonyms: R. anderseni Cabrera, 1909 ?R. anderseni equalis G. M. Allen, 1922 R. toxopei Hinton, 1925 aLC IUCN Poso horseshoe bat R. belligerator [63] Patrick, McCulloch, Ruedas, 2013 Synonyms: R. arcuatus proconsulis Hill, 1959 dEN IUCN ? On Sulawesi Island – Canut's horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 30] R. c. canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 R. c. timorensis Goodwin, 1979 R. canuti [64] Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 Synonyms: R. creaghi timorensis Goodwin, 1979 cVU IUCN Croslet horseshoe bat R. coelophyllus [65] Peters, 1867 aLC IUCN ? – Creagh's horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 31] R. c. creaghi Thomas, 1896 R. c. pilosus K. Andersen, 1918 R. creaghi [66] Thomas, 1896 Synonyms: R. pilosus K. Andersen, 1918 aLC IUCN Broad-eared horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 32] R. e. euryotis Temminck, 1835 R. e. timidus K. Andersen, 1905 R. e. burius Hinton, 1925 R. e. praestans K. Andersen, 1905 R. e. aruensis K. Andersen, 1907 R. euryotis [67] Temminck, 1835 aLC IUCN ? Philippine forest horseshoe bat R. inops [68] K. Andersen, 1905 aLC IUCN – McIntyre's horseshoe bat R. mcintyrei [69] [63] Hill & Schlitter, 1982 Synonyms: R. arcuatus mcintyrei Hill & Schlitter, 1982 hDD IUCN ? Endemic to Papua New Guinea – Bornean woolly horseshoe bat R. proconsulis [63] Hill, 1959 Synonyms: R. arcuatus proconsulis Hill, 1959 dEN IUCN ? In Indonesia and Malaysia – Large rufous horseshoe bat R. rufus [70] Eydoux & Gervais, 1836 Synonyms: Aquias eudoxii Fitzinger, 1870 bNT IUCN – Shamel's horseshoe bat R. shameli [71] Tate, 1943 Synonyms: R. coelophyllus shameli Tate, 1943 aLC IUCN ? – Small rufous horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 33] R. s. subrufus K. Andersen, 1905 R. s. bunkeri Taylor, 1934 R. subrufus [72] K. Andersen, 1905 Synonyms: R. rufus Peters, 1861 [lower-alpha 34] R. bunkeri Taylor, 1934 hDD IUCN ? – Sulawesi broad-eared horseshoe bat R. tatar [73] [63] Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1982 aLC IUCN ? On Sulawesi Island –

Subgenus Rhinophyllotis

Subgenus Rhinophyllotis – 3 species groups, 31 species

Species group R. megaphyllus – 12 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Intermediate horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 35] R. a. affinis Horsfield, 1823 R. a. himalayanus K. Andersen, 1905 R. a. macrurus K. Andersen, 1905 R. a. hainanus G. M. Allen, 1906 R. a. tener K. Andersen, 1905 R. a. superans K. Andersen, 1905 R. a. nesites K. Andersen, 1905 R. a. princeps K. Andersen, 1905 R. affinis [74] Horsfield, 1823 Synonyms: R. hainanus G. M. Allen, 1906 aLC IUCN Homfray's horseshoe bat R. andamanensis [75] Dobson, 1872 iNE Endemic to Andaman Islands – Bornean horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 36] R. b. borneensis Peters, 1861 R. b. chaseni Sanborn, 1939 R. b. importunus Chasen, 1939 R. b. spadix Miller, 1901 R. borneensis [76] Peters, 1861 Synonyms: R. chaseni Sanborn, 1939 R. importunus Chasen, 1939 R. spadix Miller, 1901 aLC IUCN ? Sulawesi horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 37] R. c. celebensis K. Andersen, 1905 R. c. javanicus K. Andersen, 1918 R. c. parvusGoodwin, 1979 R. celebensis [77] K. Andersen, 1905 aLC IUCN ? Insular horseshoe bat (Kai horseshoe bat) R. keyensis Peters, 1871 hDD IUCN ? – Madura horseshoe bat R. madurensis K. Andersen, 1918 cVU IUCN – Malayan horseshoe bat R. malayanus [78] Bonhote, 1903 aLC IUCN – Smaller horseshoe bat (Eastern horseshoe bat) Subspecies: [lower-alpha 38] R. m. megaphyllus Gray, 1834 R. m. simplex K. Andersen, 1905 R. m. fallax K. Andersen, 1906 R. m. monachus K. Andersen, 1905 R. m. vandeuseniKoopman, 1982 R. m. truncatus Peters, 1871 R. m. nanus K. Andersen, 1905 R. m. annectens Sanborn, 1939 R. m. robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 R. m. thaianusHill, 1992 [lower-alpha 39] R. megaphyllus [81] [79] Gray, 1834 Synonyms: R. truncatus Peters, 1871 R. simplex K. Andersen, 1905 R. nanus K. Andersen, 1905 R. fallax K. Andersen, 1906 R. klossi K. Andersen, 1918 R. m. ignifer G. M. Allen, 1933 aLC IUCN ? Neriad horseshoe bat (Anamban horseshoe bat) R. nereis [82] K. Andersen, 1905 hDD IUCN ? – Peninsular horseshoe bat R. robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 bNT IUCN – Lesser brown horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 40] R. s. stheno K. Andersen, 1905 R. s. microglobosusCsorba & Jenkins, 1998 R. stheno [83] K. Andersen, 1905 aLC IUCN Yellow-faced horseshoe bat R. virgo [84] K. Andersen, 1905 aLC IUCN –

Species group R. philippinensis – 7 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Big-eared horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 41] R. m. macrotis Blyth, 1844 R. m. episcopus G. M. Allen, 1923 R. m. caldwelli G. M. Allen, 1923 R. m. dohrni K. Andersen, 1907 R. m. hirsutus K. Andersen, 1905 R. m. topali Csorba & Bates, 1995 R. macrotis [85] Blyth, 1844 Synonyms: R. hirsutus K. Andersen, 1905 R. episcopus G. M. Allen, 1923 aLC IUCN – Marshall's horseshoe bat R. marshalli [86] Thonglongya, 1973 aLC IUCN ? – Timorese horseshoe bat R. montanus [87] Goodwin, 1979 Synonyms: R. philippinensis montanus Goodwin, 1979 dEN IUCN ? – Bourret's horseshoe bat R. paradoxolophus [88] Bourret, 1951 Synonyms: Rhinomegalophus paradoxolophus Bourret, 1951 aLC IUCN ? – Large-eared horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 42] R. p. philippinensis Waterhouse, 1843 R. p. sanborni Chasen, 1940 R. p. alleni Lawrence, 1939 R. p. maros Tate & Archbold, 1939 R. p. achilles Thomas, 1900 R. p. robertsi Tate, 1952 R. philippinensis [90] Waterhouse, 1843 Synonyms: R. achilles Thomas, 1900 R. maros Tate & Archbold, 1939 R. maros robertsi Tate, 1952 aLC IUCN ? King horseshoe bat R. rex [91] G. M. Allen, 1923 aLC IUCN – Schnitzler's horseshoe bat R. schnitzleri [92] Wu & Thong, 2011 hDD IUCN ? Endemic to Yunnan, China –

Species group R. pusillus – 12 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Acuminate horseshoe bat (Accuminate horseshoe bat) Subspecies: [lower-alpha 43] R. a. acuminatus Peters, 1871 R. a. sumatranus K. Andersen, 1905 R. a. circe K. Andersen, 1906 R. a. calypso K. Andersen, 1905 R. a. audax K. Andersen, 1905 R. acuminatus [94] [95] Peters, 1871 Synonyms: R. sumatranus K. Andersen, 1905 R. calypso K. Andersen, 1905 R. circe K. Andersen, 1906 aLC IUCN ? Andaman horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 44] R. c. cognatus K. Andersen, 1906 R. c. famulus K. Andersen, 1918 R. cognatus [96] K. Andersen, 1906 Synonyms: R. famulus K. Andersen, 1918 dEN IUCN – Convex horseshoe bat R. convexus [97] [98] Csorba, 1997 hDD IUCN ? – Little Japanese horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 45] R. c. cornutus Temminck, 1834 R. c. pumilus K. Andersen, 1905 R. c. miyakonis Kuroda, 1924 R. c. orii Kuroda, 1924 R. cornutus [99] Temminck, 1834 Synonyms: R. miyakonis Kuroda, 1924 iNE In Japan and possibly in China Imaizumi's horseshoe bat R. imaizumii [100] [101] [102] Hill & Yoshiyuki, 1980 iNE On Ishigaki-jima, Japan – Yaeyama little horseshoe bat R. perditus [102] K. Andersen, 1918 dEN IUCN On Iriomote Island, Japan – Blyth's horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 46] R. l. lepidus Blyth, 1844 R. l. monticola K. Andersen, 1905 R. l. feae K. Andersen, 1907 R. l. refulgens K. Andersen, 1905 R. l. cuneatus K. Andersen, 1918 R. lepidus [103] Blyth, 1844 Synonyms: R. monticola K. Andersen, 1905 R. refulgens K. Andersen, 1905 R. feae K. Andersen, 1907 aLC IUCN ? Formosan lesser horseshoe bat R. monoceros [104] K. Andersen, 1905 iNE Endemic to Taiwan – Osgood's horseshoe bat R. osgoodi [105] Sanborn, 1939 hDD IUCN ? – Least horseshoe bat Subspecies: [lower-alpha 47] R. p. pusillus Blyth, 1844 R. p. blythi K. Andersen, 1918 R. p. gracilis K. Andersen, 1905 R. p. szechuanus K. Andersen, 1918 R. p. calidus G. M. Allen, 1923 R. p. parcus G. M. Allen, 1928 R. p. minutillus Miller, 1906 R. p. pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939 R. pusillus [106] Temminck, 1834 Synonyms: R. minor Horsfield, 1823 [lower-alpha 48] R. minutus Miller, 1900 [lower-alpha 49] R. gracilis K. Andersen, 1905 R. minutillus Miller, 1906 [lower-alpha 50] R. blythi K. Andersen, 1918 R. blythi szechuanus K. Andersen, 1918 R. blythi calidus G. M. Allen, 1923 R. blythi parcus G. M. Allen, 1928 R. pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939 R. p. lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990 aLC IUCN Shortridge's horseshoe bat R. shortridgei [107] K. Andersen, 1918 Synonyms: R. lepidus shortridgei K. Andersen, 1918 aLC IUCN ? – Little Nepalese horseshoe bat R. subbadius [108] Blyth, 1844 Synonyms: R. subbadius Hodgson, 1841 [lower-alpha 9] R. garoensis Dobson, 1872 aLC IUCN –

Incertae sedis

Several taxa are of uncertain placement, or incertae sedis

incertae sedis – 4 species Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture Mitred horseshoe bat R. mitratus [109] Blyth, 1844 hDD IUCN ? Thai horseshoe bat R. siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917 Synonyms: R. macrotis siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917 R. huananus Wu, Motokawa & Harada, 2008 [110] aLC IUCN ? – Indo-Chinese lesser brown horseshoe bat R. microglobosus Csorba & Jenkins, 1998 Synonyms: R. stheno microglobosus Csorba & Jenkins, 1998 aLC IUCN In Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam – Wedge-sellaed horseshoe bat (Southwestern China horseshoe bat) R. xinanzhongguoensis [111] Zhou, Guillén-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang & Jiang, 2009 bNT IUCN In southwestern China –

Notes

1. Csorba et al. described 7 species groups with R. hildebrandtii species included in R. fumigatus species group; ^[4] Taylor et al. by describing 4 new species separated R. hildebrandtii species group from R. fumigatus species group ^[5]
2. R. d. denti from Namibia and Zimbabwe to the Cape Province, R. d. knorri in Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Ghana ^[12]
3. R. s. simulator in eastern Africa from Ethiopia to Natal, R. s. alticolis in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Cameroon ^[13]
4. R. e. euryale in northwestern Africa, southern Europe to east to Turkmenistan and Iran; Mediterranean Islands; R. e. judaicus from Syria and south Iraq to Israel. ^[16]
5. Unidentifiable name.
6. R. m. mehelyiin Europe and Western Asia; R. m. tuneti in northern Africa ^[17]
7. R. c. clivosus in Yemen and Saudi Arabia; R. m. brachygnathus from Egypt and Israel to northeastern Libya and northern Sudan; R. c. schwartzi in southeastern Algeria and southwestern Libya; R. c. acrotis in Ethiopia, most of central and southern Sudan, Somalia; R. c. keniensis in southeastern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, northern Tanzania; R. c. zuluensis in coastal South Africa; R. c. augur in southern Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and northern South Africa. ^[19]
8. R. f. ferrumequinum in Europe and northwestern Africa; R. f. creticum in Crete; R. f. irani in Iraq, Iran, and Turkmenistan; R. f. proximus from Afghanistan and Uzbekistan east to Kashmir; R. f. tragatus from northern India to eastern China; R. f. korai in Korea; R. f. nippon in Japan and eastern China. ^[23]
9. nomen nudum
10. Renaming of R. unihastatus homorodalmasiensis (Daday, 1885)
11. A recent split from R. clivosis ^[28]
12. R. e. eloquens from Southern Sudan to eastern Zaire and northern Tanzania, Pemba and Zanzibar; R. e. perauritus in southern Somalia. ^[30]
13. R. f. fumigatus in Ethiopia; R. f. exsul from central Sudan to Tanzania; R. f. abae in northeastern Zaire; R. f. foxi from Central African Republic to Burkina Faso; R. f. diversus in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, and Senegal; R. f. aethiops from Zambia and Angole to the Cape Province, South Africa. ^[31]
14. R. b. blasii in northwestern Africa, southern Europe and southwestern Asia; R. b. meyeroehmi in Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan; R. b. andreinii in Ethiopia and Somalia; R. b. empusa in southeastern Africa from southern Zaire to Transvaal. ^[34]
15. R. l. landeri from Gambia to Cameroon and south to the mouth of the Congo river; R. l. angolensis in western Angolan and perhaps Namibia. ^[36]
16. R. b. beddomei in southern India; R. b. sobrinus in Sri Lanka. ^[41]
17. R. l. luctus in southern Sumatra, Java, Bali; R. l. spurcus in Hainan, China; R. l. foetidus in Borneo. ^[44]
18. A recent split from R. luctus ^[28]
19. R. t. trifoliatus in Sumatra, Java, and Borneo; R. t. edax from northeastern India, Thailand through the Malay Peninsula; R. t. niasensis in Nias; R. t. solitarius in Bangka. ^[51]
20. R. f. francisi in Malaysia; R. f. thailandicus in Thailand. ^[52]
21. R. h. hipposideros in Continental Europe to the eastern end of Black Sea; R. h. escalerae in north Africa; R. h. minimus from southern Europe to the eastern end of Mediterranean, including several islands and south to Ethiopia and Sudan; R. h. majori in Corsica; R. h. minutus in Britain and Ireland; R. h. midas from Transcaucasia and Iraq to Kazakhstan and Kashmir. ^[53]
22. Preoccupied by Vespertilio molossus minor Kerr,1792
23. Renaming of R. bihastatus kisnyiresiensisDaday, 1885
24. Not of R. intermedius Söderland, 1920
25. R. r. rouxii in peninsular India and southern Myanmar; R. r. rubidus in Sri Lanka. ^[54]
26. Error for R. rubidus Kelaart, 1850
27. R. s. sinicus in the Himalayas, northern Vietnam, southeastern China, and Sichuan; R. s. septentrionalis in Yunnan. ^[56]
28. A recent split from R. yunanensis ^[28]
29. R. a. arcuatus in northern Philippines; R. a. beccarii in Sumatra; R. a. exiguus in southern Philippines; R. a. toxopei in Buru and Ambon; R. a. angustifolius in Wettar, Southwest Island, and Flores Sea. ^[62]
30. R. c. canuti in Java; R. c. timorensis in Timor. ^[64]
31. R. c. creaghi in Borneo; R. c. pilosus in Madura. ^[66]
32. R. e. euryotis from Seram Island to Tanimbar Islands; R. e. timidus from northern Moluccas through New Guinea to the Bismarcks; R. e. burius in Buru; R. e. praestans in Kai Islands; R. e. aruensis in Aru Islands. ^[67]
33. R. s. subrufus in northern and central Philippines; R. s. bunkeri in Mindanao. ^[72]
34. Preoccupied by R. rufus Eydoux & Gervais, 1836
35. R. a. affinis in Java; R. a. himalayanus in northern India and Nepal across northern Myanmar to southwestern China; R. a. macrurus in southeastern China through Vietnam and Thailand to southeastern Myanmar; R. a. hainanus in Hainan Island; R. a. tener in southwestern Myanmar; R. a. superans in Malay Peninsula and in Sumatra and Mentawai Islands; R. a. nesites on Anamba and North Natuna Islands; R. a. princeps in Lombok, Sumbawa, and Sumba. ^[74]
36. R. b. borneensis in Borneo; R. b. chaseni in Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Malaysia; R. b. importunus in Java; R. b. spadix in South Natuna and Karimata. ^[76]
37. R. c. celebensis in Sulawesi; R. c. javanicus in Java and Bali; R. c. parvus in Timor. ^[77]
38. R. m. megaphyllus in eastern Australia; R. m. simplex from Lombok to Komodo; R. m. fallax in southeastern New Guinea and D'Entrecasteaux Islands; R. m. monachus in Louisiades; R. m. vandeuseni in northeastern New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago; R. m. truncatus in Bacan Islands; R. m. nanus on Seram and nearby islands; R. m. annectens on Wetar; R. m. robinsoni in Malay Peninsula; R. m. thaianus in northern Thailand. ^[79]
39. Replacement name for R. robinsoni siamensis McFarlane & Blood 1986 ^[80]
40. R. s. stheno in Java, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra; R. s. microglobosus in Thailand north of the Isthmus of Kra, Laos and Vietnam. ^[83]
41. R. m. macrotis in Nepal and India; R. m. episcopus in Sichuan, China; R. m. caldwelli in southeastern China and Vietnam; R. m. dohrni in Sumatra and Malaysia; R. m. hirsutus in the Philippines; R. m. topali in Pakistan. ^[85]
42. R. p. sanborni in Borneo; R. p. alleni in Mindoro; R. p. philippinensis on the remaining Philippines islands; R. p. maros in Sulawesi and New Guinea; R. p. achilles on Kai Islands; R. p. robertsi in northeastern Queensland. ^[89]
43. R. a. acuminatus in Java; R. a. sumatranus in Sumatra and Borneo; R. a. circe on Nias Island; R. a. calypso on Enggano Island; R. a. audax in Bali and Lombok. ^[93]
44. R. c. cognatus on south Andaman; R. c. famulus on north Andaman. ^[96]
45. R. c. cornutus on the main islands of Japan; R. c. pumilus on Okinawa; R. c. miyakonis on Miyako-jima; R. c. orii' on Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima. ^[99]
46. R. l. lepidus in central and northeastern India; R. l. monticola in Afghanistan and northwestern India; R. l. feae in northern Myanmar and northern Thailand; R. l. refulgens in Malay Peninsula; R. l. cuneatus in Sumatra. ^[103]
47. R. p. pusillus in Java and Borneo; R. p. blythi in northwestern India; R. p. gracilis in southern India; R. p. szechuanus in northeastern India, Myanmar, southwestern China and Thailand; R. p. calidus in eastern China; R. p. parcus in Hainan; R. p. minutillus in Malay Peninsula and Anambas; R. p. pagi on Mentawai Islands. ^[103]
48. Preoccupied by Vespertilio ferrumequinum minor Kerr, 1792
49. Preoccupeid by Vespertilio ferrumequinum minitus Montagu, 1808
50. Replacement name for R. minutus Miller, 1900

References

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2. Lydekker 1885.
3. Stoffberg et al. 2010.
4. Csorba et al. 2003, p. xvi.
5. Taylor et al. 2012.
6. Aellen & Brosset 1968.
7. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 4.
8. Kock et al. 2000.
9. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 5.
10. Bogdanowicz 1992.
11. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 7.
12. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 9.
13. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 10.
14. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 12.
15. Taylor et al. 2018.
16. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 14.
17. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 17.
18. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 34.
19. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 35.
20. Jacobs et al. 2013.
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22. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 41.
23. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 42.
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27. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 46.
28. Taylor 2019, p. 365.
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30. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 47.
31. Csorba et al. 2003, pp. 48–49.
32. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 51.
33. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 55.
34. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 57.
35. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 59.
36. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 61.
37. Fahr et al. 2002.
38. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 63.
39. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 65.
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42. Andersen 1905, p. 253.
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50. Soisook et al. 2010.
51. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 128.
52. Soisook et al. 2015.
53. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 53.
54. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 115.
55. Chattopadhyay et al. 2012, p. 115.
56. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 118.
57. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 120.
58. Yoshiyuki & Lim 2005.
59. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 82.
60. Wu et al. 2009.
61. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 84.
62. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 18.
63. Patrick et al. 2013.
64. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 21.
65. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 23.
66. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 24.
67. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 26.
68. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 28.
69. Hill & Schlitter 1982.
70. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 29.
71. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 31.
72. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 32.
73. Bergmans & Rozendaal 1982.
74. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 66.
75. Srinivasulu et al. 2019.
76. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 69.
77. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 71.
78. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 73.
79. Csorba et al. 2003, pp. 74–75.
80. Corbet & Hill 1992, p. 101.
81. Gray 1834.
82. Csorba et al. 2003, pp. 77.
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84. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 80.
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90. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 92.
91. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 95.
92. Wu & Thong 2011.
93. Csorba et al. 2003, pp. 96–97.
94. Peters 1871.
95. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 96.
96. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 98.
97. Csorba 1997.
98. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 100.
99. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 101.
100. Hill & Yoshiyuki 1980.
101. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 103.
102. Wu et al. 2012.
103. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 104.
104. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 107.
105. Csorba et al. 2003, p. 108.
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