1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1918th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 918th year of the 2nd millennium, the 18th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1918, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Corps is a term used for several different kinds of organisation. A military innovation by Napoleon, the formation was first named as such in 1805.
The American Expeditionary Forces was a formation of the United States Army on the Western Front of World War I. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in France under the command of Gen. John J. Pershing. It fought alongside French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, and Australian Army units against the Imperial German Army. A minority of the AEF troops also fought alongside Italian Army units in that same year against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive in the summer of 1918, and fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.
The Croix de Guerre is a military decoration of France. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. The decoration was awarded during World War I, again in World War II, and in other conflicts. The Croix de Guerre was also commonly bestowed on foreign military forces allied to France.
The First Australian Imperial Force was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during World War I. It was formed on 15 August 1914, following Britain's declaration of war on Germany, initially with a strength of one infantry division and one light horse brigade. The infantry division subsequently fought at Gallipoli between April and December 1915, being reinforced by a second division which was later raised, as well as three light horse brigades. After being evacuated to Egypt the AIF was expanded to five infantry divisions, which were committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front in March 1916. A sixth infantry division was partially raised in 1917 in the United Kingdom, but was broken up and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties on the Western Front. Meanwhile, two mounted divisions remained in the Middle East to fight against Turkish forces in the Sinai and Palestine.
The Canadian Corps was a World War I corps formed from the Canadian Expeditionary Force in September 1915 after the arrival of the 2nd Canadian Division in France. The corps was expanded by the addition of the 3rd Canadian Division in December 1915 and the 4th Canadian Division in August 1916. The organization of a 5th Canadian Division began in February 1917 but it was still not fully formed when it was broken up in February 1918 and its men used to reinforce the other four divisions.
The Distinguished Service Cross is the second highest military award that can be given to a member of the United States Army for extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force. Actions that merit the Distinguished Service Cross must be of such a high degree that they are above those required for all other U.S. combat decorations, but which do not meet the criteria for the Medal of Honor. The Distinguished Service Cross is equivalent to the Navy Cross, the Air Force Cross, and the Coast Guard Cross.
The British Indian Army was the principal military of the British Indian Empire before its decommissioning in 1947. It was responsible for the defence of both the British Indian Empire and the princely states, which could also have their own armies. The Indian Army was an important part of the British Empire's forces, both in India and abroad, particularly during the First World War and the Second World War.
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Gallipoli campaign. General William Birdwood commanded the corps, which primarily consisted troops from the First Australian Imperial Force and 1st New Zealand Expeditionary Force, although there were also British and Indian units attached at times throughout the campaign. The corps disbanded in 1916, following the Allied evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula and the formation of I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps. The corps was reestablished, briefly, in the Second World War during the Battle of Greece in 1941.
Portugal did not initially form part of the system of alliances involved in World War I and thus remained neutral at the start of the conflict in 1914. But even though Portugal and Germany remained officially at peace for over a year and a half after the outbreak of World War I, there were many hostile engagements between the two countries. Portugal wanted to comply with British requests for aid and protect its colonies in Africa, thus clashes occurred with German troops in the south of Portuguese Angola, which bordered German South-West Africa, in 1914 and 1915. Tensions between Germany and Portugal also arose as a result of German U-boat warfare, which sought to blockade the United Kingdom, at the time the most important market for Portuguese products. Ultimately, tensions resulted in declarations of war, first by Germany against Portugal in March 1916.
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993 when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
The Battle of Épehy was a battle of the First World War fought on 18 September 1918, involving the British Fourth Army under the command of General Henry Rawlinson against German outpost positions in front of the Hindenburg Line. The village of Épehy was captured on 18 September by the 12th (Eastern) Division.
The military history of Canada during World War I began on August 4, 1914, when the United Kingdom entered the First World War (1914–1918) by declaring war on Germany. The British declaration of war automatically brought Canada into the war, because of Canada's legal status as a British dominion which left foreign policy decisions in the hands of the British parliament. However, the Canadian government had the freedom to determine the country's level of involvement in the war. On August 4, 1914, the Governor General declared a war between Canada and Germany. The Militia was not mobilized and instead an independent Canadian Expeditionary Force was raised.
The Shot at Dawn Memorial is a monument at the National Memorial Arboretum near Alrewas, in Staffordshire, UK. It commemorates the 309 British Army and Commonwealth soldiers executed after courts-martial for desertion and other capital offences during World War I.
Women in World War I were mobilized in unprecedented numbers on all sides. The vast majority of these women were drafted into the civilian work force to replace conscripted men or work in greatly expanded munitions factories. Thousands served in the military in support roles, e.g. as nurses, but in Russia some saw combat as well.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War I:
This is an Index of World War II articles, that can be found on Wikipedia.
- La Courneuve – 8 Mai 1945
- La Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation
- La Liberation de Paris
- Lack of outside support in the Warsaw Uprising
- Lamason, Phil
- Landing Operation on Hainan Island
- Landing Ship, Tank
- Landing Vehicle Tracked
- Language of Nazi concentration camps
- Lapland War
- Last will and testament of Adolf Hitler
- Latvian Legion
- Latvian resistance movement
- Laws against Holocaust denial
- Lead up to the Warsaw Uprising
- Leadership ranks of the Sturmabteilung
- League of German Girls
- Lebensborn
- Lebensraum
- Legal purge in Norway after World War II
- Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism
- Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom
- Leni Riefenstahl
- Leningrad Front
- Leningrad People's Opolcheniye Army
- Leopold III of Belgium
- Letters from Iwo Jima
- Lexington-class aircraft carrier
- Liberation Front of the Slovenian People
- Liberation of Arnhem
- Liberation of Paris
- Liberty ship
- Lichtenburg
- Lieutenant Hubert Gruber
- Lili Marleen
- List of Adolf Hitler books
- List of Adolf Hitler speeches
- List of air operations of the Battle of Europe
- List of aircraft engines in use by Japan during World War II
- List of Aircraft engines in use of Japanese Army Air Force
- List of aircraft engines of Germany during World War Two
- List of Aircraft engines used by Japanese Navy Air Service
- List of aircraft of Italy, World War II
- List of aircraft of Japan, World War II
- List of aircraft of Russia, World War II
- List of aircraft of the French Air Force during World War II
- List of aircraft of the British, World War II
- List of aircraft of the Japanese Navy
- List of aircraft of the Luftwaffe, World War II
- List of aircraft of the U.S. military, World War II
- List of aircraft of World War II
- List of Allied forces in the Normandy Campaign
- List of Allied propaganda films of World War II
- List of Allied ships at the Japanese surrender
- List of Allied traitors during World War Two
- List of Allied warships in the Normandy Landings
- List of armour used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War
- List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II
- List of artillery weapons of the Imperial Japanese Navy
- List of Australian divisions in World War II
- List of Australian divisions in WWII
- List of Axis war criminals
- List of B-29 Superfortress operators
- List of basic World War II topics
- List of battleships of Japan
- List of Bombs in use by Imperial Japanese Army
- List of British armies in World War I
- List of British armies in WWII
- List of British divisions in WWII
- List of British Empire divisions in World War II
- List of broadsides of major World War II ships
- List of Brothers in Arms characters
- List of Canadian divisions in World War II
- List of Canadian divisions in WWII
- List of Coastal Batteries in Australia and Territories during World War II
- List of common World War II infantry weapons
- List of component units of British 1st (African) Division
- List of component units of British 1st Armoured Division
- List of component units of British 1st Infantry Division
- List of component units of Fighter Command
- List of composers influenced by the Holocaust
- List of cruiser classes of the Imperial Japanese Navy
- List of demolished entertainment venues in Paris
- List of diplomatic missions during World War II
- List of Eastern Fleet ships
- List of engines and weapons used on Japanese tanks during World War II
- List of escort aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy
- List of Female SOE Agents
- List of films about Anne Frank
- List of films based on war books — 1927–1945
- List of Finnish armies in WWII
- List of Finnish corps in the Continuation War
- List of Finnish corps in the Winter War
- List of Finnish divisions in the Continuation War
- List of Finnish divisions in the Winter War
- List of Flower-class corvettes
- List of foreign aircraft tested by Japanese forces from 1930s to WW2
- List of foreign recipients of the Knight's Cross
- List of foreign vehicles used by Nazi Germany in World War II
- List of Gaue of Nazi Germany
- List of Gauleiters
- List of German Army Groups in WWII
- List of German concentration camps
- List of German corps in WWII
- List of German divisions in World War II
- List of German divisions in World War II
- List of German military units of World War II
- List of German World War II jet aces
- List of German World War II night fighter aces
- List of Hawker Hurricane operators
- List of helicopters used in World War II
- List of Holocaust films
- List of Holocaust survivors
- List of IJA Independent Mixed Brigades
- List of IJA Mixed Brigades
- List of Imperial Japanese Navy admirals
- List of Indian corps in WWII
- List of Indian divisions in WWII
- List of individuals in the Warsaw Uprising
- List of infantry weapons of the Imperial Japanese Navy
- List of Italian divisions in WWII
- List of Japanese-run internment camps during World War II
- List of Japanese aircraft in use during the Second Sino-Japanese War
- List of Japanese armored divisions
- List of Japanese Army military engineer vehicles of World War II
- List of Japanese Auxiliary Cruiser Commerce Raiders
- List of Japanese campaigns of the Second Sino-Japanese War
- List of Japanese dreadnought battleships
- List of Japanese government and military commanders of World War II
- List of Japanese HEAT Shells in WW2
- List of Japanese hell ships
- List of Japanese Infantry Divisions
- List of Japanese infantry weapons used in the Second-Sino Japanese War
- List of Japanese military detachments in World War II
- List of Japanese military equipment of World War II
- List of Japanese Mixed Brigades
- List of Japanese nationalist movements and parties
- List of Japanese naval commanders
- List of Japanese Navy Air Force aces
- List of Japanese Navy ships and war vessels in World War II
- List of Japanese steam battleships
- List of Japanese tanks and armoured vehicles of the WWII period
- List of Japanese trainer aircraft during World War II
- List of Japanese World War II explosives
- List of Japanese World War II military specialists on the USSR
- List of Japanese World War II navy bombs
- List of Japanese World War II radar
- List of Japanese WW2 Weapons
- List of jet aircraft of World War II
- List of Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves recipients: 1940
- List of Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves recipients: 1941
- List of Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves recipients: 1942
- List of Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves recipients: 1943
- List of Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves recipients: 1944
- List of Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves recipients: 1945
- List of Kriegsmarine ships
- List of leaders of Independent State of Croatia
- List of Liberty ships: A-F
- List of Liberty ships: G-L
- List of Liberty ships: M-R
- List of Liberty ships: S-Z
- List of Liberty ships
- List of limited service World War II combat vehicles
- List of living Knight’s Cross recipients
- List of Luftwaffe aircraft prototype projects during World War II
- List of Maginot Line ouvrages
- List of major U.S. Commands of World War II
- List of major World War II warships built by minor powers
- List of Mauthausen-Gusen inmates
- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Iwo Jima
- List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
- List of Medal of Honor recipients: World War II
- List of members of the July 20 Plot
- List of military aircraft of Germany
- List of military engagements of World War II
- List of military equipment of the Canadian Army during the Second World War
- List of Military Operations in the West European Theater during WW2 by Year
- List of Military operations on the Eastern Front European Theater during WW2
- List of military operations on the Eastern Front of World War II
- List of military operations
- List of military units in the Warsaw Uprising
- List of military vehicles of World War II
- List of National Socialist publishers
- List of Naval and land based operations in Mediterranean Sea Area during WW2
- List of Naval and land based operations in Pacific Theater during WW2
- List of Nazi-German concentration camps
- List of Nazi Party leaders and officials
- List of networks and movements of the French Resistance
- List of New Zealand divisions in World War II
- List of North African Campaign Battles
- List of officers and commanders in the Battle of Stalingrad
- List of officers of the People's Liberation Army
- List of people involved with the French Resistance
- List of people who assisted Jews during the Holocaust
- List of Polish armies in World War II
- List of Polish armies in WWII
- List of Polish divisions in World War II
- List of Polish divisions in WWII
- List of posthumous publications of Holocaust victims
- List of POW camps in Australia
- List of POW camps in Britain
- List of POW camps in Canada
- List of POW camps in Italy
- List of POW camps in Japan
- List of POW camps in occupied Germany
- List of POW camps in the Soviet Union
- List of POW camps in the United States
- List of prisoner-of-war camps in Germany
- List of Pro-Axis Leaders and Governments or Direct Control in Occupied Territories
- List of prototype World War II combat vehicles
- List of prototype WWII combat vehicles
- List of Radars in use by Imperial Japanese Army
- List of Righteous Among the Nations by country
- List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons
- List of Second World War Victoria Cross recipients
- List of secondary and special-issue World War II infantry weapons
- List of ships of the Free French Naval Forces
- List of ships of the Japanese Navy
- List of ships sunk by Axis warships in Australian waters
- List of ships sunk by the Imperial Japanese Navy
- List of SOE Agents
- List of SOE establishments
- List of South African Divisions in World War II
- List of Soviet Union divisions 1917–1945
- List of Special Operations Executive Operations in WW2
- List of SS personnel
- List of subcamps of Auschwitz
- List of subcamps of Buchenwald
- List of subcamps of Dachau
- List of subcamps of Flossenbürg
- List of subcamps of Gross-Rosen
- List of subcamps of Herzogenbusch
- List of subcamps of Kraków-Płaszów
- List of subcamps of Mauthausen
- List of subcamps of Mittelbau
- List of subcamps of Natzweiler-Struthof
- List of subcamps of Neuengamme
- List of subcamps of Ravensbrück
- List of subcamps of Sachsenhausen
- List of subcamps of Stutthof
- List of successful U-boat commanders
- List of tanks and armoured vehicles of the Imperial Japanese Navy
- List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan
- List of the 108 Martyrs of World War Two
- List of theaters and campaigns of World War II
- List of U-boat aces
- List of U-boats never deployed
- List of undersea-carried planes during World War II
- List of uniforms and clothing of WWII
- List of United States Army Air Forces Air Force Component Commands
- List of United States Army divisions during World War II
- List of United States Navy escort aircraft carriers
- List of United States Navy losses in World War II
- List of United States Navy ships present at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
- List of units using the B-26 Marauder during World War II
- List of V-1 storage depots
- List of V-2 test launches
- List of Vichy France Air Aces
- List of victims of Nazism
- List of victims of the Babi Yar massacre
- List of Victory ships
- List of Waffen SS units
- List of war apology statements issued by Japan
- List of weapons of military aircraft of Germany during World War Two
- List of weapons of the Japanese Navy
- List of weapons of World War II Japanese aircraft
- List of weapons on Japanese combat aircraft
- List of World War II aces by country
- List of World War II aces from Australia
- List of World War II aces from Austria
- List of World War II aces from Belgium
- List of World War II aces from Bulgaria
- List of World War II aces from Canada
- List of World War II aces from China
- List of World War II aces from Croatia
- List of World War II aces from Czechoslovakia
- List of World War II aces from Denmark
- List of World War II aces from Finland
- List of World War II aces from France
- List of World War II aces from Germany
- List of World War II aces from Greece
- List of World War II aces from Hungary
- List of World War II aces from Italy
- List of World War II aces from Japan
- List of World War II aces from New Zealand
- List of World War II aces from Norway
- List of World War II aces from Poland
- List of World War II aces from Rhodesia
- List of World War II aces from Romania
- List of World War II aces from Slovakia
- List of World War II aces from South Africa
- List of World War II aces from Spain
- List of World War II aces from the Soviet Union
- List of World War II aces from the United Kingdom
- List of World War II aces from the United States
- List of World War II aces from United States
- List of World War II aces from Yugoslavia
- List of World War II air aces
- List of World War II artillery
- List of World War II Battles
- List of World War II battles
- List of World War II British naval radar
- List of World War II conferences
- List of World War II convoys
- List of World War II electronic warfare equipment
- List of World War II evacuations
- List of World War II films
- List of World War II firearms of Germany
- List of World War II firearms
- List of World War II flying aces from Romania
- List of World War II guided missiles of Germany
- List of World War II Infantry Anti-Tank Weapons of Germany
- List of World War II military aircraft of Germany
- List of World War II military equipment
- List of World War II military gliders
- List of World War II military operations
- List of World War II military units of Germany
- List of World War II military vehicles by country
- List of World War II military vehicles of Germany
- List of World War II POW camps
- List of World War II ship classes
- List of World War II ships of less than 1000 tons
- List of World War II ships
- List of World War II torpedoes of Germany
- List of World War II video games
- List of World War II weapons of France
- List of World War II weapons of Germany
- List of World War II weapons of Italy
- List of World War II weapons of the Soviet Union
- List of World War II weapons of the United Kingdom
- List of World War II weapons of the United States
- List of World War II weapons
- List of WW2 Luftwaffe aircraft by manufacturer
- List of WWII POW camps in Kenya
- Lists of World War II topics
- Lithuanian 1941 independence
- Lithuanian Activist Front
- Lithuanian Security Police
- Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force
- Little Boy
- Liverpool Blitz
- Living with the enemy in the German-occupied Channel Islands
- Local Self-Defence in Lithuania during the Nazi German occupation (1941–1944)
- Lockheed Model 10 Electra
- Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar
- Lockheed P-38 Survivors
- Lom prisoner of war camp
- London and Paris Conferences
- London Can Take It!
- London Charter of the International Military Tribunal
- London Victory Parade of 1946
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos National Security
- Los Alamos Primer
- Los Alamos Ranch School
- Los Alamos, New Mexico
- Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust
- Losses during the Second Battle of the Atlantic
- Lost Battalion
- Lower Silesian Offensive Operation
- LSM-1-class landing ship medium
- Lublin-Brest Offensive Operation
- Lublin Army
- Lublin R-VIII
- Lublin R-XIII
- Luftflotte 1
- Luftflotte 2
- Luftflotte 3
- Luftflotte 4
- Luftflotte 5
- Luftflotte 6
- Luftflotte Reich
- Luftlande-Sturm-Regiment
- Luftstreitkräfte
- Luftvärnskanonvagn L-62 Anti II
- Luftwaffe Central (Weissrutenische) detachment
- Luftwaffe Commander
- Luftwaffe Field Division
- Luftwaffe Fliegerführer
- Luftwaffe Institute of Aviation Medicine
- Luftwaffe North (Ostland) detachment
- Luftwaffe Northern (Arctic) detachment(Luftflotte 5)(Finland-Norway)
- Luftwaffe Order of Battle August 1940
- Luftwaffe serviceable aircraft strengths (1940-1945)
- Luftwaffe Southern (Balkan-Ukraine) detachment
- Luftwaffe units before the 1939 invasion of Poland
- Luftwaffe
- Luftwaffen-Legion Lettland
- Luftwaffenhelfer
- Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr
- Luger P08 pistol
- Luxembourg in World War II
- Luxembourgish government-in-exile
- Luxembourgish Patriot League
- Luxembourgish Red Lion
- Luxembourg Resistance
- LVI Panzer Corps
- Lviv Civilian Massacre (1941)
- Lviv pogroms
- Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive
- Lwów Ghetto
- Lwów Uprising
- LXIV Corps (Germany)
- Léon Degrelle
Thomas A. Pope was a soldier in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for his actions while under Australian command in the Battle of Hamel during World War I. For this action, he was also awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal by King George V.
Heath Cemetery in Harbonnières, France is a Cemetery operated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, for British Empire soldiers of the Somme campaign during World War I.