The politics of Vietnam are defined by a single-party socialist republic framework, where the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the Party leader and head of the Politburo, holding the highest position in the one-party system. The President of Vietnam is the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of government in a one-party system led by the Communist Party of Vietnam. Executive power is exercised by the government and the President of Vietnam. Legislative power is vested in the National Assembly of Vietnam. The Judiciary is independent of the executive. The parliament adopted the current Constitution of Vietnam; its fifth, on 28 November 2013.
On the First Tier, Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces and 5 municipalities. Municipalities are the highest-ranked cities in Vietnam. Municipality are centrally-controlled cities and have special status equal to the provinces.
The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the South African general election, 1994. It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18 December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997, replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993.
Small-claims courts have limited jurisdiction to hear civil cases between private litigants. Courts authorized to try small claims may also have other judicial functions, and go by different names in different jurisdictions. For example, it may be known as a county or magistrate's court. These courts can be found in Australia, Brazil, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, Philippines, Scotland, Singapore, South Africa and the United States.
Calauag, officially the Municipality of Calauag,, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 73,139 people.
The provincial and territorial courts in Canada are local trial "inferior" or "lower" courts of limited jurisdiction established in each of the provinces and territories of Canada. These courts typically hear criminal, civil, family, traffic, and bylaw cases. Unlike the superior courts of Canada, the jurisdiction of the provincial courts is limited to those matters which are permitted by statute. They have no inherent jurisdiction. Appeals of provincial court decisions are usually heard by the superior court of the province.
The judicial system of Vietnam is governed under the Constitution of Vietnam, the Law on the Organization of People's Courts (2014), and the Law on the Organization of People's Procuracies (2014). Since Vietnam is a one-party socialist republic, the judiciary falls under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, and judges and procurators are all members of the Party. The judiciary is nominally accountable to the National Assembly of Vietnam, which is the highest institution of government power in the country.
Headed by the Prosecutor General, the Supreme People’s Procuracy of Vietnam has functions such as acting as the prosecutor before the People's Courts. The Supreme People's Procuracy has local and military subdivisions that include the district, provincial, and city levels. In accordance with the Constitution of Vietnam, the role of the public prosecutor is to surveillance and supervise the rule of all the organs of the State, ministries and ministerial-level agencies, administrative agencies and individuals.
The People's Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo Popular) is the highest body of judicial power in Cuba. It is elected by, and accountable to, the National Assembly of People's Power. The judiciary are independent from the executive branch, as all judges on every level are elected by the National Assembly; the provincial judges by provincial assemblies and the municipal judges by municipal assemblies. The current court dates to 1973 and replaced the earlier Supreme Court of Cuba c. 1898.
Alberta Municipal Affairs is a ministry of the Executive Council of Alberta. Its major responsibilities include assisting municipalities in the provision of local government, administering the assessment of linear property in Alberta, administering a safety system for the construction and maintenance of buildings and equipment, and managing Alberta's network of municipal and library system boards.
The African Independent Congress (AIC) is a minor political party in South Africa.
In Canada, municipal government is a type of local council authority that provides local services, facilities, safety and infrastructure for communities. Canada has three levels of government; federal, provincial and municipal. According to Section 92(8) of the Constitution Act, 1867, "In each Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to... Municipal Institutions in the Province." There are about 3,700 municipal governments in Canada. Municipal governments are established under provincial/territorial authority.
Trương Hòa Bình is a Vietnamese politician and the current First Deputy Prime Minister of The Socialist Republic of Vietnam. He is considered to be one of the more promising members' of the Vietnamese Government, having previously served as Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam from 2007 to 2016.
Philippines v. China, also known as the South China Sea Arbitration, was an arbitration case brought by the Republic of the Philippines against the People's Republic of China under Annex VII to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) concerning certain issues in the South China Sea including the legality of China's Nine-dash line.
Zhu Mingguo is a former Chinese politician of Li ethnic heritage who spent his career in Guangdong, Hainan, and Chongqing. Zhu was an alternate member of 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He was investigated by the Communist Party of China's anti-corruption agency in November 2014. Previously he served as the chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. He has become the second senior Party and government official to be investigated in Guangdong in six months, following Wan Qingliang, former Party chief of Guangzhou.
Marjorie May Hamilton was a Canadian politician, who served as mayor of Barrie, Ontario from 1950 to 1952. She was the first woman ever to serve as Barrie's mayor, and one of the earliest women elected as a mayor in all of Ontario.
Local elections in the Philippines were held on May 9, 2016. This was conducted together with the 2016 general election for national positions. All elected positions above the barangay (village) level were disputed.
