Madheshi people is a term used for several ethnic groups living in the central and eastern Terai region of Nepal. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the Pahari people of Nepal to refer to non-pahari people with a non-Nepali language as their mother tongue, regardless of their place of birth or residence. The term Madheshi became a widely recognised name for Nepali citizens with an Indian cultural background only after 1990. Madheshi people comprise various cultural groups such as Hindu caste groups, Muslims, Marwaris, Brahmin and Dalit caste groups, ethnic groups like Maithils, Bhojpuri, Awadhi and Bajjika speaking people and indigenous people of the Terai. Many of these groups share cultural traditions, educational and family ties with people living south of the international border in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Tharu people and Pahari people living in the Terai do not consider themselves as Madheshi. In recent times, some politicians and journalists use the term for all Nepali citizens of the Terai.
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 10 April 2008, having been postponed from earlier dates of 7 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Constituent Assembly was planned to draft a new constitution and therefore decide, amongst other things, on the issue of federalism. The number of eligible voters was around 17.5 million. The Constituent Assembly was originally set to have a term of two years.
Upendra Yadav is a Nepalese politician who is currently Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal and also served as the chairman of the People's Socialist Party, Nepal from 2020 until 2023.
The Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (MJFN), or the Madhesi People's Rights Forum, Nepal, was a political party in Nepal. It was initially not a political party as such but a political advocacy movement demanding ethnic self-determination rights with the formation of a Madhes autonomous region for Teraibasi people, an election system based on proportional representation, and the setting-up of a federal republic in Nepal. The MJFN includes former leaders of other political parties like the Nepali Congress and CPN (UML).
Madhesi Janadhikar Forum may refer to several political parties in Nepal:
United Democratic Madhesi Front was a political alliance of Madhesh-based political parties in Nepal created for the Madhes Movement. It was formed in 2008 by Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal, Nepal Sadbhavana Party and Terai Madhes Loktantrik Party.
Federal Socialist Party was a political party of Nepal led by Ashok Rai formed in 2012.
Salma Khatoon Mikrani is a Nepalese politician. She was a Proportional Representative member of the first Constituent Assembly of Nepal in 2008, representing the Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal party. The party later split into two, and she joined the Jaya Prakash Gupta group, who launched a new political party under the name Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum, Republican in May 2011.
The Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal was a democratic socialist political party in Nepal. The party was formed on 15 June 2015 from the merger of the Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal, the Federal Socialist Party Nepal and the Khas Samabeshi Party. On 6 May 2019, the party merged with Naya Shakti Party, Nepal to form Samajbadi Party, Nepal.
The Nepal Loktantrik Forum was a political party in Nepal. The party was established on April 5, 2017, after merging with the Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum (Democratic), the Rastriya Janamukti Party (Democratic), and the Dalit Janajati Party.
On 29 March 2011, after Jhala Nath Khanal stepped down as the 35th Prime Minister of Nepal, Baburam Bhattarai was elected the new Prime Minister by the Parliament of Nepal securing the votes of smaller parties of southern Nepal. Following his election, Bhattarai set up a coalition cabinet consisting of his Communist Party of Nepal as well the smaller parties Nepal Sadbhawana Party, Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party, Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi) and Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal.
Following the Nepalese Constituent Assembly Election on 10 April 2008, the Communist Party of Nepal formed a government out of the 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal and backed by the Communist Party of Nepal , Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal, Sadbhavana Party, Janamorcha Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (United).
Nepal Federal Socialist Party is a political party in Nepal. The party was formed on 17 December 2016 by Mohammad Rizwan Ansari.
The Samajbadi Party, Nepal, abbr. SPN was the third-largest political party in Nepal party after the Nepali Congress and the Nepal Communist Party. It was formed on 6 May 2019 by the merger of the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal, led by Deputy Prime Minister Upendra Yadav, and the Naya Shakti Party, Nepal, led by former Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai. The party was founded with the ideology of democratic socialism and ethnic federalism. It uses the flag and election symbol of the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal.
Ram Sahaya Prasad Yadav is a Nepalese politician serving as the vice president of Nepal since 20 March 2023. He is a former minister for forests and environment of Nepal.
Uma Shankar Aragriya is a Nepalese politician belonging to the CPN (UML) who served as the Minister of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation since 4 June 2021 but was removed from the post by Supreme Court on 22 June 2021 making his tenure of just 18 days one of the shortest till date. He was also a member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal after winning in 2017 Nepalese general election from Dhanusha 2 constituency. Arglariya formerly a popular leader, is thought to join Nepali Congress as his party, Loktantrik Samajwadi Party went clean swept in Dhanusha district in recent local level election.
Jay Prakash Gupta, also referred to as Jay Prakash Anand or popularly JP Gupta, is a Nepalese politician and former member of the Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal(Republican) party. He born in Saptari District, Nepal. Before joining forum, he was a member of Nepali Congress. His political career was going very well from this party but he left the party during Madhesh movement. He is presently running Terai Madhesh Rastriya Abhiyan.
The Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik) was a political party in Nepal. It existed as one of the important political force during the constituent assembly. Later the party merged with several other parties to become the largest Madhesh/Tharuhath based party, Nepal Loktantrik Forum.
Birendra Prasad Mahato is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the People's Socialist Party, Nepal currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he won the election from Siraha 4 (constituency). He had previously served as a member of the 2nd Constituent Assembly from the party list of Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum.
