Related Research Articles
The Gang of Four was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and were later charged with a series of treasonous crimes. The gang's leading figure was Jiang Qing. The other members were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.
Chen Boda, was a Chinese Communist journalist, professor and political theorist who rose to power as the chief interpreter of Maoism in the first 20 years of the People's Republic of China. Chen became a close associate of Mao Zedong in Yan'an, during the late 1930s, drafting speeches and theoretical essays and directing propaganda.
Red Guards was a mass student-led paramilitary social movement mobilized and guided by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 through 1967, during the first phase of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted. According to a Red Guard leader, the movement's aims were as follows:
Chairman Mao has defined our future as an armed revolutionary youth organization.... So if Chairman Mao is our Red-Commander-in-Chief and we are his Red Guards, who can stop us? First we will make China Maoist from inside out and then we will help the working people of other countries make the world red...and then the whole universe.
Roderick Lemonde MacFarquhar was a British politician, journalist, and academic orientalist, specializing in China as a Harvard University professor. He also served as a Member of Parliament in the 1970s. He was best known for his studies of Maoist China, the three-volume The Origins of the Cultural Revolution and Mao's Last Revolution.
The Shanghai People's Commune was established in January 1967 during the January Storm, also known as the January Revolution, of China's Cultural Revolution. The Commune was modelled on the Paris Commune. It lasted less than a month before it was replaced.
The (Central) Cultural Revolution Group was formed in May 1966 as a replacement organisation to the Central Committee Secretariat and the "Five Man Group", and was initially directly responsible to the Standing Committee of the Politburo. It consisted mainly of radical supporters of Mao, including Chen Boda, the Chairman's wife Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng, Yao Wenyuan, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Li and Xie Fuzhi. The CRG played a central role in the Cultural Revolution's first few years, and for a period of time the group replaced the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) as the de facto top power organ of China. Its members were also involved in many of the major events of the Cultural Revolution.
Mao Yuanxin, also known as Li Shi, is a former Chinese politician. As the nephew of Chairman Mao Zedong, he acted as the liaison between Mao and the Communist Party's Central Committee in Mao's ailing years, when he was no longer able to regularly attend political functions. He was considered an ally to the radical political faction known as the Gang of Four. He was arrested soon after Mao's death after a political struggle ensued, and was sentenced to prison.
Yang Rongguo was a Chinese academic and philosopher who was involved in the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign of the Cultural Revolution.
The One Strike-Three Anti campaign was a national campaign in the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1970. The 'Strike' referred to a crackdown on the activities of 'counter-revolutionary' elements in China, while the 'Three Antis' were 'graft and embezzlement', 'profiteering' and 'extravagance and waste'.
The Central Case Examination Group was a special organization established in the People's Republic of China in 1966 under the aegis of the Politburo Standing Committee to persecute those accused of "anti-party activities". It was, in essence, an organization dedicated to political persecution of senior party leaders as well as ordinary functionaries. Initially conceptualized as a beachhead by Chairman Mao Zedong's most radical supporters to 'gather dirt' on opponents of the Cultural Revolution, it later began taking up cases against all manner of perceived political opponents irrespective of their ideological allegiance. Many of its early leaders, such as Jiang Qing, later themselves became the subject of persecution by the Group. The Group was compared by Cultural Revolution-era propagandist Wang Li to the Soviet Cheka, but he noted that the CCEG had even broader powers. Its leading members included nearly all of the members of the Cultural Revolution Group (CRG) as well as Premier Zhou Enlai and the chief of Mao's security detail Wang Dongxing. The CCEG worked closely with the CRG during its investigations.
Revolutionary committees were tripartite bodies established during Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China to facilitate government by the three mass organisations in China — the people, the PLA and the Party. They were originally established in the power-seizure movement as a replacement system of government to the old Party apparatus, but quickly became subordinate to it.
The Five Man Group was an informal committee established in the People's Republic of China in early 1965 to explore the potential for a "cultural revolution" in China. The group was led by Peng Zhen, the fifth most senior member of the Politburo.
The 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was a pivotal Communist Party Congress in China during the height of the Cultural Revolution. It was held in Beijing, in the Great Hall of the People, China, between April 1 and 24, 1969. It set in motion the 9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was preceded by the lengthy 8th Congress. The Congress formally ratified the political purge of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, and elevated Mao's radical allies to power. It was formally succeeded by the 10th National Congress.
Stuart Reynolds Schram was an American physicist, political scientist and sinologist who specialised in the study of modern Chinese politics. He was particularly well known for his works on the life and thought of Mao Zedong.
The February Countercurrent, also known as the February Adverse Current, refers to the joint efforts by a group of conservative Communist Party veterans to oppose the ultra-leftist radicalism at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.
Cao Diqiu was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Ziyang, Sichuan Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1929. After graduating from Sichuan University, he went to northern Jiangsu Province after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War to participate in guerrilla activities. He was the third mayor of Shanghai under the People's Republic of China until being deposed on January 6, 1967, in the wake of the "January Storm" phase of the Cultural Revolution. He was also Communist Party of China Committee Secretary and Mayor of Chongqing.
Michael Schoenhals is a Swedish sinologist, specializing in the society of modern China. He is Professor Emeritus of Chinese Studies at Lund University.
May Sixteenth elements (五一六分子) were named after the so-called May Sixteenth Army Corps, ultra-left Red Guards in Beijing during the early years of the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) who targeted Zhou Enlai with the backing of Jiang Qing. The name came from a May 16, 1966 notice (五一六通知) which Mao Zedong partially wrote and edited. However, Mao was concerned with its radicalism, so in late 1967 the group was outlawed on conspiracy and anarchism charges, followed by the arrest of most Cultural Revolution Group members. A nationwide campaign was later launched to liquidate "May Sixteenth Elements", which ironically created more chaos and anarchy.
The Guangxi Massacre, or Guangxi Cultural Revolution Massacre, was a series of events involving lynching and direct massacre in Guangxi during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). The official record shows an estimated death toll from 100,000 to 150,000. Methods of slaughter included beheading, beating, live burial, stoning, drowning, boiling and disemboweling. In certain areas including Wuxuan County and Wuming District, massive human cannibalism occurred even though no famine existed; according to public records available, at least 137 people—perhaps hundreds more—were eaten by others and at least thousands of people participated in the cannibalism. Other researchers have pointed out that in one county alone, 421 people had been eaten, and there were reports of cannibalism across dozens of counties in Guangxi.
References
- 1 2 "Mao's Last Revolution", hup.harvard.edu.
- ↑ Tom Phillips. "The Cultural Revolution: all you need to know about China's political convulsion", theguardian.com, 11 May 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016. "The seminal work on the period is Mao's Last Revolution by Roderick MacFaquhuar and Michael Schoenhals, a blow-by-blow account of the turmoil."
- 1 2 Judith Shapiro. "Red Guards", The New York Times , 8 October 2006.
 | This article about a political book is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |