The Armenian Revolutionary Federation, also known as Dashnaktsutyun, is an Armenian nationalist and socialist political party founded in 1890 in Tiflis, Russian Empire by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian. As of 2023, the party operates in Armenia, Lebanon, Iran and in countries where the Armenian diaspora is present. The party was also active in Artsakh until the Azerbaijani offensive in September 2023. Although it has long been the most influential political party in the Armenian diaspora, it has a comparatively smaller proportional presence in modern-day Armenia. As of October 2023, the party was represented in two national parliaments, with ten seats in the National Assembly of Armenia and three seats in the Parliament of Lebanon as part of the March 8 Alliance.
The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (SDHP), is the oldest continuously-operating Armenian political party, founded in 1887 by a group of students in Geneva, Switzerland. It was the first socialist party to operate in the Ottoman Empire and in Iran, then known as Persia. Among its founders were Avetis Nazarbekian, Mariam Vardanian, Gevorg Gharadjian, Ruben Khan-Azat, Christopher Ohanian, Gabriel Kafian, and Manuel Manuelian. Its original goal was attaining Armenia's independence from the Ottoman Empire during the Armenian national liberation movement.
The Armenian Democratic Liberal Party, the Ramgavar Party,, also known by its Armenian initials or its English initials ADL is an Armenian political party in the Armenian diaspora including the Middle East, Europe, the Americas and Australia.
The Armenian militia of Hunchaks of the city Zeitun (Süleymanlı) had resisted on two armed conflicts, first from August 30 to December 1, 1914, and second on March 25, 1915, to the Ottoman Empire.
The Armenian national movement included social, cultural, but primarily political and military movements that reached their height during World War I and the following years, initially seeking improved status for Armenians in the Ottoman and Russian Empires but eventually attempting to achieve an Armenian state.
The Sasun rebellion of 1894, also known as the First Sasun resistance, was the conflict between Ottoman Empire's Hamidiye forces and the Armenian fedayi belonging to the Armenian national movement's Hunchakian party in the Sasun region.
The Sasun uprising or Sasun rebellion of 1904 was an uprising by Armenian militia against the Ottoman Empire in Turkey's Sason region in 1904. The empire wanted to prevent the formation of another semi-autonomous Armenian region in the eastern vilayets after its defeat in the First Zeitun Rebellion. In Sason, the Armenian national liberation movement recruited young Armenians. Upon investigation, a European mission concluded that Armenians were not at fault, but rather acted in self-defense. The mission called for the sultan to enforce the reforms that were previously pledged.
The Zeitun rebellion or Second Zeitun Resistance took place in the winter of 1895–1896, during the Hamidian massacres, when the Armenians of Zeitun, fearing the prospect of massacre, took up arms to defend themselves from Ottoman troops.
Hampartsoum Boyadjian, also known by his noms de guerreMurad and sometimes Medzn Murad, was an Armenian fedayi and a leading political activist of the Hunchak party.
Paramaz, born Matteos Sarkissian, was an Armenian fedayee, freedom fighter, writer and political activist.
The 20 Hunchakian gallows is the common name for the group of Hunchakian activists who were hanged in the Sultan Beyazıt Square of Constantinople on June 15, 1915, during the Armenian genocide.
Avetis Vardani Nazarbekian, also known as Nazarbek, Avo and Lerents, was an Armenian poet, journalist, political activist and revolutionary. He was one of the founders of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party.
Arpiar Arpiarian writer, the pioneer of realism in Armenian literature and a political activist. He was from the Ottoman Empire.
Girayr, born Harutiun-Mardiros Boyadjian, was an Armenian fedayee leader and activist of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party. He was the senior brother of fedayee leader Medzn Murad.
Ruben Khan-Azat, was an Armenian political activist, one of the founders and leaders of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and Hunchak journal.
Stepan Sapah-Gulian was a prominent Armenian journalist, political scientist, intellectual and a leader of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party.
The Armenakan Party was an Armenian political party established in Van, Ottoman Empire in 1885 by Mekertich Portukalian as an underground organization against the ruling system. It is considered the first Armenian political party.
The Armenian Revolutionary Federation, also known simply as Tashnag, is an Armenian political party active in Lebanon since the 1920s as an official political party in the country after having started with small student cells in the late 1890s and early 20th century.
Hrayr Dzhoghk, born Armenak Ghazarian, was an Armenian military leader and strategist, fedayee, statesman and teacher, part of the Armenian national liberation movement. He was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.
Harutiun Jangülian was an Armenian historian, political activist, and member of the Armenian National Assembly. He was especially known for his involvement in the Kum Kapu demonstration. He spent six years imprisoned in exile. He returned to Constantinople and continued his political activity after his release. Jangülian was arrested on 24 April 1915, at the beginning of the Armenian genocide, deported, and ultimately executed.
