Mongolia, is a landlocked country in East Asia. It is sandwiched between Russia to the north and China to the south, where it neighbours the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Mongolia does not border Kazakhstan, although they are separated by only 37 kilometres. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres, with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population.
Politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential multi-party representative democracy. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister, who is the head of government, and the Cabinet. The President is the head of state, but holds limited authority over the executive branch of the government, unlike full presidential republics like the United States. Legislative power is vested in parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Tuvan People's Republic, known as the Tannu Tuva People's Republic until 1926, was a partially recognized socialist republic that existed between 1921 and 1944. The country was located in the same territory as the former Tuvan protectorate of Imperial Russia, known as Uryankhay Krai, north-west of Mongolia, and now corresponds to the Tuva Republic within the Russian Federation.
Nambaryn Enkhbayar is a Mongolian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, as Speaker of the Parliament from 2004 to 2005, and as President of Mongolia from 2005 to 2009. He is the first person to have held all of the top three positions in the Mongolian government. He was the chairman of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 1997 to 2005.
This article is about the period of modern democratic era of Mongolia since its democratic revolution of 1990.
The Mongolian People's Party is the oldest political party in Mongolia.
The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the head of government, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Hural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no confidence.
The national anthem of Mongolia, known before 1991 as the "State Anthem of the Mongolian People's Republic" was created in 1950 with music composed by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjambyn Mördorj, and lyrics written by Tsendiin Damdinsüren.
Elections in Mongolia gives information on elections and election results in Mongolia.
The Democratic Party is a centre-right political party in Mongolia.
The State Great Khural is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia. It is located in the Government Palace.
Miyegombyn Enkhbold is a Mongolian politician who was Prime Minister of Mongolia from January 2006 to November 2007 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2007 to 2012. He has been Chairman of the State Great Khural, the Mongolian parliament, since 2016.
People's Revolutionary Party is a name used by several political parties around the world:
The Mongolian Revolution of 1990 was a peaceful democratic revolution that started with demonstrations and hunger strikes to overthrow the Mongolian People's Republic and eventually moved towards the democratic present day Mongolia and the writing of the new constitution. It was spearheaded by mostly younger people demonstrating on Sükhbaatar Square in the capital Ulaanbaatar. It ended with the Communist government resigning without bloodshed. Some of the main organizers were Davaadorjiin Ganbold, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Sanjaasürengiin Zorig, Erdeniin Bat-Üül, Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar, and Dogmidiin Sosorbaram.
Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 24 May 2009. They were contested between incumbent Nambaryn Enkhbayar, supported by the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, and Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, who had support of the Democratic Party and the opposition parties. Elbegdorj declared himself the victor before the count was official but based on his party's counts. Enkhbayar admitted a narrow defeat shortly after and said that he would respect the results, marking the second time an incumbent president had lost their bid for re-election - following Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat in the 1997 election.
Legislative elections were held in Mongolia on 28 June 2012 to elect 76 members of the State Great Khural. Also held during the parliamentary elections was the Ulaanbaatar city council election, the first time both have been held at the same time. For the first time, the election used vote counting machines by new legislative election laws to make the election fair.
The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party was a political party in Mongolia which was founded in 2010 by Nambaryn Enkhbayar. The party received approval to use the Mongolian People's Party's old name by the Supreme Court of Mongolia. Enkhbayar, former chairman of the original MPRP and a former President of Mongolia, was the party's leader. It merged back into the Mongolian People's Party in 2021.
Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 26 June 2013. The Democratic Party nominee, incumbent President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj was re-elected, defeating both Mongolian People's Party nominee of parliament member Badmaanyambuugiin Bat-Erdene and Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party nominee Natsagiin Udval, who was Minister of Health at the time of the election. Elbegdorj was inaugurated on 10 July 2013 for his second term in office.
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh is a Mongolian former wrestler and politician who is the President-elect of Mongolia after winning the 2021 Mongolian presidential election and will take office in July 2021, and Prime Minister of Mongolia from 4 October 2017 to 27 January 2021. He is the current chairman of the ruling party, the Mongolian People's Party. He was elected to the Parliament of Mongolia four times – in 2000, 2004, 2012 and 2020, served in the Mongolian government as Minister for Emergency Situations from 2004 to 2006, Minister for Professional Inspection from 2006 to 2008, and in 2014–2015 and 2016–2017 as Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia. He was also the Secretary-General of the Mongolian People's Party from 2008 to 2012.
Woman representation in Mongolian Parliament, The State Great Khural, has constantly increased over the years since country’s first democratic election in 1992. 17.1% percent of the parliament are women as of 2016, which is the highest among seven parliamentary elections in Mongolia. However, it is still lower than regional average 19.7% and world average 23.4%. According to Inter-Parliamentary Union, Mongolia ranks at 115th together with Gabon. Mongolian female MPs have tradition of working under unofficial parliamentary group. Elected female members in 2016 agreed to unofficially work as a team on social security issues related to children, women and families.
