In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that unlike gram-positive bacteria do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is their cell envelope, which consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner (cytoplasmic) membrane and an outer membrane. These bacteria are found in all environments that support life on Earth.
Burkholderia is a genus of Pseudomonadota whose pathogenic members include the Burkholderia cepacia complex, which attacks humans and Burkholderia mallei, responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related animals; Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis; and Burkholderia cepacia, an important pathogen of pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Burkholderia species is also found in marine environments. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and characterized Burkholderia cepacia from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
Translocation may refer to:
The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) or Prokaryotic Code, formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or Bacteriological Code (BC), governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea. It denotes the rules for naming taxa of bacteria, according to their relative rank. As such it is one of the nomenclature codes of biology.
A replicon is a region of an organism's genome that is independently replicated from a single origin of replication. A bacterial chromosome contains a single origin, and therefore the whole bacterial chromosome is a replicon. The chromosomes of archaea and eukaryotes can have multiple origins of replication, and so their chromosomes may consist of several replicons. The concept of the replicon was formulated in 1963 by François Jacob, Sydney Brenner, and Jacques Cuzin as a part of their replicon model for replication initiation. According to the replicon model, two components control replication initiation: the replicator and the initiator. The replicator is the entire DNA sequence required to direct the initiation of DNA replication. The initiator is the protein that recognizes the replicator and activates replication initiation.
Bacteria are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in mutualistic, commensal and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. Most bacteria have not been characterised and there are many species that cannot be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.
Burkholderia multivorans is a species in the phylum Pseudomonadota. The cells are rod-shaped. It is known to cause human disease, such as colonisation of the lung in cystic fibrosis.
In enzymology, a tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. This is a member of reductive dehalogenase enzyme family.
Methylorhabdus is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Up to now there is only one species of this genus known
Methylorhabdus multivorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic nonmotile bacterium from the genus Methylorhabdus. Methylorhabdus multivorans has been isolated from groundwater which was contaminated with dichloromethane in Switzerland.
Desulfococcus multivorans is a sulfate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfococcus which has been isolated from a sewage digester in Germany.
Sabulilitoribacter multivorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sabulilitoribacter which has been isolated from sand from the South Sea in Korea.
Epibacterium multivorans is an aerobic bacteria bacterium from the genus of Epibacterium which has been isolated from seawater from the beach of Malvarrosa in Spain.
Salana multivorans is a Gram-positive and facultatively anaerobic species of bacteria that has been isolated from sediments from the river Saale in Germany.
Winogradskyella is a genus of bacteria from the family Flavobacteriaceae. Winogradskyella is named after the Russian microbiologist Sergei Winogradsky.
Winogradskyella multivorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus Winogradskyella which has been isolated from seawater from a oyster farm in Korea. Winogradskyella multivorans has the ability to degrade polysaccharides.
Youngiibacter fragilis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Youngiibacter.
Youngiibacter multivorans is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Youngiibacter.
Sungkyunkwania is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Flavobacteriaceae with one known species. Sungkyunkwania multivorans has been isolated from a seaweed farm from the South Sea from Korea. Sungkyunkwania is named after the Sungkyunkwan University.
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