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Barbados is an island country in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, situated about 100 miles (160 km) east of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Roughly triangular in shape, the island measures some 21 miles (34 km) from northwest to southeast and about 14 miles (23 km) from east to west at its widest point. The capital and largest town is Bridgetown, which is also the main seaport.
Bussa's rebellion was the largest slave revolt in Barbadian history. The rebellion takes its name from the African-born slave, Bussa, who led the rebellion. The rebellion, which was eventually defeated by the colonial militia, was the first of three mass slave rebellions in the British West Indies that shook public faith in slavery in the years leading up to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire and emancipation of former slaves. It was followed by the Demerara rebellion of 1823 and by the Baptist War in Jamaica in 1831–1832; these are often referred to as the "late slave rebellions".
Barbadian nationality law is regulated by 1966 Constitution of Barbados, as amended; the Barbados Citizenship Act, as amended; and various British Nationality laws. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Barbados. Barbadian nationality is typically obtained under the rules of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth to a father or in some cases, a mother, with Barbadian nationality. It can also be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalisation. There is currently no program in Barbados for citizenship by investment, though they do have a special work visa program. Nationality establishes one's international identity as a member of a sovereign nation. Though it is not synonymous with citizenship, rights granted under domestic law for domestic purposes, the United Kingdom, and thus the Commonwealth, has traditionally used the words interchangeably.
The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to the nation of Barbados.
The monarchy of Barbados was a system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign and head of state of Barbados from 1966 to 2021. Barbados shared the sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms, with the country's monarchy being separate and legally distinct. The monarch's operational and ceremonial duties were mostly delegated to her representative, the governor-general of Barbados.
Black Barbadians or Afro-Barbadians are Barbadians of entirely or predominantly African descent.
London Bourne (1793–1869) was a former Barbadian slave who became a wealthy merchant and abolitionist.
Dame Elsie Payne was a teacher and following independence she became the first Barbadian-born principal of Queen's College in Bridgetown. She was the first woman knighted in Barbados for her long dedication to education and the nation.
Judith Philip was a free, Afro-Grenadian business woman who amassed one of the largest estates in Grenada. By the time Britain emancipated slaves in the West Indies she owned 275 slaves and was compensated 6,603 pounds sterling, one of the largest settlements in the colony.
Marie Rose Cavelan was an Afro-Grenadian planter and revolutionary. A free woman of color, she married Julien Fédon, a French Catholic, like herself of mixed ancestry. Together, she and her husband bought a plantation and engaged as planters and slave owners in the colonial period.
Amaryllis Collymore (1745–1828) was an Afro-Barbadian slave who gained her freedom from her relationship with a white man. The couple had eleven children and she successfully ran a plantation allowing her to acquire numerous other properties, to become the wealthiest free black woman in the colony at the time of her death.
Susannah Ostrehan was a Barbadian businesswoman who owned a number of properties in Bridgetown. She was a freed slave, and acquired a number of slaves herself, many of which were friends or family she purchased in order to expedite their manumission.
Rosetta Smith was an Afro-Trinidadian slave trader and entrepreneur. Because of her association with Thomas Picton, the governor of Trinidad accused of abuse against a slave, she has come down in history as a seductress and sinister woman who used her wiles to manipulate the governor. A reexamination of her life indicates that she was an astute businesswoman who was successful in enlarging her fortunes over at least three decades.
Barton was launched at Liverpool in 1810 as a West Indiaman, trading primarily between Liverpool and Barbados. Her owners, Barton, Irlam and Higginson, had just sold another Barton and their new vessel was almost twice the size of her predecessor. One of her captains was involved in the manumission of over 40 slaves at Barbados. She was wrecked at Charleston, South Carolina, in December 1836.
Rachael Pringle Polgreen (1753–1791) was an Afro-Barbadian hotelier and brothel owner. Born into slavery, her freedom was purchased, and she became the owner of the Royal Naval Hotel, a brothel that catered to the itinerant military personnel on the island of Barbados.
Dorothy Thomas was a Caribbean entrepreneur and former slave who engaged in business in Montserrat, Dominica, Grenada, Barbados, and Demerara. Having purchased her own manumission, Thomas spent nearly sixteen years securing the freedom of her children, mother, and several other relatives. Though she owned hotels one of which had a French restaurant, her primary source of income was hiring out female hucksters to whom she supplied goods to be sold to plantation workers and slaves. She also hired out her slaves as labourers, earned income from lodging houses, ran a plantation, and rented out properties which she owned. Known as one of the few black women who derived compensation from the government scheme to reimburse slave owners, she received £3,413 for the loss of her labourers when Britain abolished slavery.
Dorothea Christina Thomas was a free woman of colour and slave owner from Grenada, whose common-law marriage with Major John Gordon became the centre of a Scottish legal case. It set an important precedent defining the circumstances under which a marriage could be established by "habit and repute" in Scotland and is illustrative of the challenges encountered in family law prior to the establishment of uniform reciprocity agreements regarding marriage recognition. Her relationships also refute the notion that free women of colour were merely mistresses and confirm that there were various types of relationships in her era that mirrored stable marriages.
Henrietta Simon Sala, known as Madame Sala, was a British concert singer and salon holder. She was a free woman of colour from the Dutch Colony of Demerara. She was sent to England to attend school before she was ten years old and as her father lost his fortune, she stayed there for the rest of her life. She became a music teacher and performed on the London stage, appearing at venues including Covent Garden, the St James's Theatre, and the Haymarket Theatre.
Elizabeth Swain Bannister was a free woman of colour from Barbados. She gained her freedom when her aunt Susannah Ostrehan manumitted her in 1806. She later moved to Berbice where she lived with her partner William Fraser, conducting business in her own right. She acquired property and over 75 slaves, leaving a legacy to her children, who had been legitimized by their father, of £5,400,
Newton Slave Burial Ground is an industrial heritage site and informal cemetery in Barbados. It was used by people enslaved at the adjacent Newton Plantation. The site has been owned by the Barbados Museum & Historical Society since 1993. It has been subject to excavations since the 1970s, which have produced information regarding slave lifeways including resistance, health, and culture.
References
Citations
- 1 2 Hunt 2014, pp. 101–102.
- 1 2 3 Welch 1999.
- ↑ Handler 1975, p. 28.
- ↑ Candlin & Pybus 2016, p. 262.
- ↑ Williams 2014, p. 181.
- ↑ Handler 1975, p. 29.
- ↑ The Barbados Advocate 2017.
- ↑ Barbados Today 2012.
Bibliography
- Candlin, Kit; Pybus, Cassandra (2016). "15: Enterprising Women and War Profiteers: Race, Gender and Power in the Revolutionary Caribbean". In Forrest, Alan; Hagemann, Karen; Rowe, Michael (eds.). War, Demobilization and Memory: The Legacy of War in the Era of Atlantic Revolutions. Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 254–268. ISBN 978-1-137-40649-1.
- Hunt, Tristram (2014). Cities of Empire: The British Colonies and the Creation of the Urban World. New York, New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0-8050-9600-2.
- Welch, Pedro L.V. (December 1999). ""Unhappy and Afflicted Women?": Free Colored Women in Barbados: 1780-1834". Revista/Review Interamericana. 29 (1–4). San Germán, Puerto Rico: Interamerican University of Puerto Rico. ISSN 0360-7917. PMID 22106505. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- Williams, Siân (September 2014). The Royal Navy in the Caribbean, 1756–1815 (PDF) (PhD). Southampton, England: University of Southampton . Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- Wyvill, Richard A. (March 1975). Handler, Jerome S. (ed.). ""Memoirs of an Old Army Officer": Richard A. Wyvill's Visits to Barbados in 1796 and 1806-7" (PDF). The Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society. 35 (1). Bridgetown, Barbados: Barbados Museum and Historical Society: 21–30. OCLC 656301103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2020.
- "International Women's Day and the Emancipation of Women". The Barbados Advocate . Fontabelle, Saint Michael, Barbados. 12 March 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- "Women played key role". Barbados Today. Lodge Hill, St. Michael, Barbados. 17 September 2012. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.