neuropeptides B/W receptor 1 | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | NPBWR1 | ||||||
Alt. symbols | GPR7 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 2831 | ||||||
HGNC | 4522 | ||||||
OMIM | 600730 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_005285 | ||||||
UniProt | P48145 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 8 p22-q21.13 | ||||||
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neuropeptides B/W receptor 2 | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | NPBWR2 | ||||||
Alt. symbols | GPR8 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 2832 | ||||||
HGNC | 4530 | ||||||
OMIM | 600731 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_005286 | ||||||
UniProt | P48146 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 20 q13.3 | ||||||
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The neuropeptide B/W receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which bind the neuropeptides B and W. [1] These receptors are predominantly expressed in the CNS and have a number of functions including regulation of the secretion of cortisol. [2] [3]
Mineralocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which in turn are a class of steroid hormones. Mineralocorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex and influence salt and water balances. The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone.
An enkephalin is a pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception in the body. The enkephalins are termed endogenous ligands, as they are internally derived and bind as ligands to the body's opioid receptors. Discovered in 1975, two forms of enkephalin have been found, one containing leucine ("leu"), and the other containing methionine ("met"). Both are products of the proenkephalin gene.
β-Endorphin (beta-endorphin) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It is one of three endorphins that are produced in humans, the others of which include α-endorphin and γ-endorphin.
Neuropeptide Y receptors are a family of receptors belonging to class A G-protein coupled receptors and they are activated by the closely related peptide hormones neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. These receptors are involved in the control of a diverse set of behavioral processes including appetite, circadian rhythm, and anxiety.
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor(GHS-R), also known as ghrelin receptor, is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs), such as ghrelin, the "hunger hormone". The role of GHS-R is thought to be in regulating energy homeostasis and body weight. In the brain, they are most highly expressed in the hypothalamus, specifically the ventromedial nucleus and arcuate nucleus. GSH-Rs are also expressed in other areas of the brain, including the ventral tegmental area, hippocampus, and substantia nigra. Outside the central nervous system, too, GSH-Rs are also found in the liver, in skeletal muscle, and even in the heart.
The EGF module-containing Mucin-like hormone Receptors (EMRs) are closely related subgroup of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors have a unique hybrid structure in which an extracellular epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain is fused to a GPCR domain through a mucin-like stalk. There are four variants of EMR labeled 1–4, each encoded by a separate gene. These receptors are predominantly expressed in cells of the immune system and bind ligands such as CD55.
The Super Conserved Receptor Expressed in Brain (SREB) family are a group of related G-protein coupled receptors. Since no endogenous ligands have yet been identified for these receptors, they are classified as orphan receptors. Receptors within the group include SREB1 (GPR27), SREB2 (GPR85), and SREB3 (GPR173).
The Retinoic Acid-Inducible orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (RAIG) are a group of four closely related G protein-coupled receptors whose expression is induced by retinoic acid.
The relaxin receptors are a subclass of four closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that bind relaxin peptide hormones.
The KiSS1-derived peptide receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the peptide hormone kisspeptin (metastin). Kisspeptin is encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS1, which is expressed in a variety of endocrine and gonadal tissues. Activation of the kisspeptin receptor is linked to the phospholipase C and inositol trisphosphate second messenger cascades inside the cell.
The neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which binds neuropeptide S (NPS). It was formerly an orphan receptor, GPR154, until the discovery of neuropeptide S as the endogenous ligand. Increased expression of this gene in ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and in bronchial smooth muscle cells is associated with asthma. This gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor 1 family and encodes a plasma membrane protein. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with this disease.
GPCR neuropeptide receptors are G-protein coupled receptors which bind various neuropeptides. Members include:
Neuropeptides B/W receptor 1, also known as NPBW1 and GPR7, is a human protein encoded by the NPBWR1 gene. As implied by its name, it and related gene NPBW2 are transmembranes protein that bind Neuropeptide B (NPB) and Neuropeptide W (NPW), both proteins expressed strongly in parts of the brain that regulate stress and fear including the extended amygdala and stria terminalis. When originally discovered in 1995, these receptors had no known ligands and were called GPR7 and GPR8, but at least three groups in the early 2000s independently identified their endogenous ligands, triggering the name change in 2005.
Neuropeptides B/W receptor 2, also known as NPBW2, is a human protein encoded by the NPBWR2 gene.
Neuropeptide FF receptor 2, also known as NPFF2 is a human protein encoded by the NPFFR2 gene.
Imidazoline receptors are the primary receptors on which clonidine and other imidazolines act. There are three main classes of imidazoline receptor: I1 is involved in inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system to lower blood pressure, I2 has as yet uncertain functions but is implicated in several psychiatric conditions, and I3 regulates insulin secretion.
Olfactory receptor 2T4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2T4 gene.
Olfactory receptor 2AG1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2AG1 gene.
NPW is a gene that in humans encodes Neuropeptide W protein.
Neuropeptide W or preprotein L8 is a short human neuropeptide. Neuropeptide W acts as a ligand for two neuropeptide B/W receptors, NPBWR1 and NPBWR2, which are integrated in GPCRs family of alpha-helical transmembrane proteins.