Notchininga, also known as No Heart or No Heart of Fear, was a leader of the Iowa people.
Notchininga, also known as No Heart or No Heart of Fear, was a leader of the Iowa people.
No Heart was brother of Mahaska, or White Cloud, who served as principal chief of the Iowa until his death in 1834. [1] Both Mahaska and No Heart were amenable to Western ways, in particular education, and attempted to live peaceably with their neighbors and the Americans. [2] After Mahaska's death, No Heart served as the leading advisor to Mahaska's son, also named White Cloud. [3]
In 1837, No Heart served in the Iowas' delegation to an inter-tribal congress in Washington, D.C. ostensibly aimed at settling boundary disputes between the Santee Sioux and their enemies, the Sauk and Meskwaki (Fox) peoples. The Iowas, who had already lost territory to the Sauk and Meskwaki in the Missouri River Valley, were among the various other peoples represented. The congress defined boundaries between the peoples, but also resulted in the United States appropriating much of the land of the Santee, Sauk and Meskwaki. No Heart argued that these appropriations threatened his people even more, as the Sauk and Meskwaki would now have an even greater incentive to encroach on Iowa land. [4] He presented a detailed map of the Missouri valley demonstrating the legitimacy of Iowa claims. However, the United States disregarded No Heart's claims in favor of the powerful Sioux, Sauk, and Meskwaki. [5]
In 1850, when White Cloud was ousted, No Heart became principal chief of the Iowa. [6]
The Sauk or Sac are Native Americans and Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands. Their historical territory was near Green Bay, Wisconsin. Today they have three tribes based in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. Their federally recognized tribes are:
The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations people from the Great Plains of North America. The Sioux have two major linguistic divisions: the Dakota and Lakota peoples. Collectively, they are the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, or "Seven Council Fires". The term "Sioux", an exonym from a French transcription of the Ojibwe term Nadowessi, can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects.
The Iowa, also known as Ioway, and the Bah-Kho-Je or Báxoje, are a Native American Siouan people. Today, they are enrolled in either of two federally recognized tribes, the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma and the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska.
The Sac and Fox Nation is the largest of three federally recognized tribes of Sauk and Meskwaki (Fox) Indian peoples. Originally from the Lake Huron and Lake Michigan area, they were forcibly relocated to Oklahoma in the 1870s and are predominantly Sauk. The Sac and Fox Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area (OTSA) is the land base in Oklahoma governed by the tribe.
Mahaska, or White Cloud, was a chief of the Native American Iowa tribe. His son, also named Mahaska, was better known as Francis White Cloud.
The Meskwaki, also known by the European exonyms Fox Indians or the Fox, are a Native American people. They have been closely linked to the Sauk people of the same language family. In the Meskwaki language, the Meskwaki call themselves Meshkwahkihaki, which means "the Red-Earths", related to their creation story.
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A Half-Breed Tract was a segment of land designated in the western states by the United States government in the 19th century specifically for Métis of American Indian and European or European-American ancestry, at the time commonly known as half-breeds. The government set aside such tracts in several parts of the Midwestern prairie region, including in Iowa Territory, Nebraska Territory, Kansas Territory, Minnesota Territory, and Wisconsin Territory.
Native American tribes in the U.S. state of Nebraska have been Plains Indians, descendants of succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples who have occupied the area for thousands of years. More than 15 historic tribes have been identified as having lived in, hunted in, or otherwise occupied territory within the current state boundaries.
The Sac and Fox Reservation of Sauk (Sac) and Meskwaki (Fox) people is a 23.639 sq mi (61.226 km2) tract located in southeastern Richardson County, Nebraska, and northeastern Brown County, Kansas. It is governed by the Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska, and the headquarters for reservation is in Reserve, Kansas. The tribal jurisdiction area is west of White Cloud, Kansas and northeast of Hiawatha, Kansas. It was created as a consequence of the Platte Purchase of 1836.
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Several Native American tribes hold or have held territory within the lands that are now the state of Iowa.
James White Cloud was Chief of the Iowa people from 1865 until his death in 1940.
Mary Many Days Robidoux was the daughter of Joseph Robidoux and his second wife, a woman whose name is Juna.
The fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien was negotiated between the United States and the Sac and Meskwaki, the Mdewakanton, Wahpekute and Sisseton Sioux, Omaha, Ioway, Otoe and Missouria peoples. The treaty was signed on July 15, 1830, with William Clark and Willoughby Morgan representing the United States. Through additional negotiations conducted in St. Louis on October 13, 1830, Yankton Sioux and Santee Sioux agreed to abide by the 1830 Treaty of Prairie du Chien. The US government announced the treaty and its numerous adherents on February 24, 1831.
The Treaty of St. Louis of 1804 was a treaty concluded by William Henry Harrison on behalf of the United States of America and five Sauk and Meskwaki chiefs led by Quashquame.
The New Purchase of 1842 is a treaty between the United States and the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes, referred to as the Sac and Fox in the treaty. The Native American tribes ceded land in Iowa west of the Mississippi River and north of the Missouri border.
Mildred Mott Wedel was an American scholar of Great Plains archaeology and ethnohistory. She was one of the first professionally trained female archaeologists and was distinguished in her field. Many of her publications were about the Siouan people, and wrote several important articles on French exploration in the Central and Southern Plains.