Related Research Articles
Year 618 (DCXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 618 for this year has been used since the early medieval period,when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
The Sui dynasty was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties,thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty,and laying the foundations for the much longer lasting Tang dynasty.
The Chen dynasty,alternatively known as the Southern Chen in historiography,was a Chinese imperial dynasty and the fourth and last of the Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. Following the Liang dynasty,the Chen dynasty was founded by Chen Baxian. The Chen dynasty further strengthened and revitalized the economy and culture of southern China,and made territorial expansions northward,laying the foundation for future dynasties. It was conquered by the Sui dynasty in 589,marking an end to the Northern and Southern dynasties period in Chinese history. The descendants of the Chen imperial family continued to hold powerful high-ranking positions in the imperial courts of both the Sui and Tang dynasties.
Dynasties in Chinese history,or Chinese dynasties,were hereditary monarchical regimes that ruled over China during much of its history. From the inauguration of dynastic rule by Yu the Great in circa 2070 BC to the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor on 12 February 1912 in the wake of the Xinhai Revolution,China was ruled by a series of successive dynasties. Dynasties of China were not limited to those established by ethnic Han—the dominant Chinese ethnic group—and its predecessor,the Huaxia tribal confederation,but also included those founded by non-Han peoples.
The grand chancellor,also translated as counselor-in-chief,chancellor,chief councillor,chief minister,imperial chancellor,lieutenant chancellor and prime minister,was the highest-ranking executive official in the imperial Chinese government. The term was known by many different names throughout Chinese history,and the exact extent of the powers associated with the position fluctuated greatly,even during a particular dynasty. During the Six Dynasties period,the term denoted a number of power-holders serving as chief administrators,including zhongshun jian,zhongshu ling,shizhong,shangshu ling and puye.
Jin,known as the Later Jìn or the Shi Jin (石晉) in historiography,was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was founded by Shi Jingtang with aid from the Liao dynasty,which assumed suzerainty over the Later Jin. After Later Jin's second ruler,Shi Chonggui,fell out with the Liao dynasty,the Liao invaded in 946 and in 947,annihilated the Later Jin and annexed its former territories.
Liu Wuzhou was a rebel leader who rose against the rule of the Chinese dynasty Sui Dynasty late in the dynasty's history,and he took imperial style—although it was not completely clear whether the title he took was khan or tianzi. He was initially only able to take control of modern northern Shanxi and parts of central Inner Mongolia,but after Li Yuan established Tang Dynasty at Chang'an as its Emperor Gaozu in 618,he,with support from Eastern Tujue,briefly captured Li Yuan's initial power base of Taiyuan in 619,posing a major threat to Li Yuan's rule. In 620,Li Yuan's son Li Shimin counterattacked,and not only recaptured Taiyuan but further captured Liu's power base Mayi,forcing Liu to flee to Eastern Tujue. When Liu subsequently tried to flee back to Mayi,Eastern Tujue executed him.
Chen Shuda,courtesy name Zicong,formally Duke Zhong of Jiang,was an imperial prince of the Chen dynasty,who,after the destruction of Chen,served as an official under the Sui and Tang dynasties,becoming a chancellor during the reigns of the Tang emperors Gaozu and Taizong.
The Zhongshu Sheng,also known as the Palace Secretariat or Central Secretariat,was one of the departments of the Three Departments and Six Ministries government structure in imperial China from Cao Wei (220–266) until the early Ming dynasty. As one of the Three Departments,the Zhongshu Sheng was primarily a policy-formulating agency responsible for proposing and drafting all imperial decrees,but its actual function varied at different times. The department traces its origins back to the Han dynasty.
The Three Departments and Six Ministries system was the primary administrative structure in imperial China from the Sui dynasty (581–618) to the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It was also used by Balhae (698–926) and Goryeo (918–1392) and various other kingdoms in Manchuria,Korea and Vietnam.
Linghu Defen (582–666),formally Duke Xian of Pengyang (彭陽憲公),was Chinese historian and politician. He was an official of the Chinese dynasties Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. During Tang,he was a major proponent for the compilation of the histories of Sui and its predecessor Northern Zhou and was eventually put in charge of compiling Northern Zhou's official history Book of Zhou,which was completed in 636.
Hongfu,is a legendary Chinese folk heroine from imperial China whose birth name was Zhang Chuchen. She was purported to have lived during the Transition from Sui to Tang and was originally described in Biography of the Dragon-Beard Man from the Tang Dynasty. She was a courtesan in the court of Sui Dynasty minister Yang Su and eloped with Li Jing,an ally and future general of future Tang emperor Li Shimin. Hongfu,along with Li Jing and the "Dragon Beard Man," Qiu Ranke,are known as the "Three Heroes of the Wind and Dust" (風塵三俠). She was one of the few female martial arts masters.
The Battle of Huoyi was fought in China on 8 September 617,between the forces of the rebel Duke of Tang,Li Yuan,and the army of the ruling Sui dynasty. Li Yuan,with an army of around 25,000,was advancing south along the Fen River towards the imperial capital,Daxingcheng. His advance was stalled for two weeks due to heavy rainfall and he was met at the town of Huoyi by an elite Sui army of 20,000 men. Li Yuan's cavalry,under the command of his two eldest sons,lured the Sui out of the protection of the city walls,but in the first clash between the two main armies,Li Yuan's forces were initially driven back. At that point,possibly due to a stratagem on Li Yuan's behalf,the arrival of the rest of the rebel army,or to the flanking maneuver of Li Yuan's cavalry,which had gotten behind the Sui army,the Sui troops collapsed and routed,fleeing back towards Huoyi. Li Yuan's cavalry,however,cut off their retreat. The battle was followed by the capture of weakly-defended Huoyi,and the advance on Daxingcheng,which fell to the rebels in November. In the next year,Li Yuan deposed the Sui and proclaimed himself emperor,beginning the Tang dynasty.
The Shangshu Sheng,sometimes translated as the Department of State Affairs or the Imperial Secretariat,was one of the departments of the Three Departments and Six Ministries government structure. It was the primary executive institution of imperial China,head of the Six Ministries,the Nine Courts,and the Three Directorates. The Six Ministries consisted of the Ministry of Personnel,the Ministry of Revenue,the Ministry of Rites,the Ministry of War,the Ministry of Justice,and the Ministry of Works. The Department of State of Affairs existed in one form or another from the Han dynasty until the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368),but was never re-established in the following Ming dynasty.
The Menxia Sheng,sometimes translated as the Chancellery,was one of the departments of the Three Departments and Six Ministries government structure of imperial China. It advised the emperor and the Zhongshu Sheng,and reviewed edicts and commands. As the least important of the three departments,it existed in name only by the Song dynasty while its functions were delegated to the other two departments. In 1129,the Chancellery was merged with the Central Secretariat.
The Palace Library was a central government agency in monarchical China,Korea,and Vietnam generally in charge of maintaining and archiving the collection of the monarch's documents.
The Ministry or Board of Revenue was one of the Six Ministries under the Department of State Affairs in imperial China.
Emperor at home,king abroad was a system of conducting relations between states within the Chinese cultural sphere. Rulers of lesser regimes would adopt the title of emperor and/or other imperial titles domestically,and adopt the title of king when dealing with the dominant Chinese regime. Instead of using the styles Imperial Majesty and Majesty (陛下),rulers of lesser realms were styled as Highness (殿下). This system was applicable to Japan,Korea and Vietnam,as well as less powerful Chinese states,among others.
Jiyin Commandery was a commandery in historical China from Han dynasty to Tang dynasty,located in what is now southwestern Shandong province.
The administration of territory in dynastic China is the history of practices involved in governing the land from the Qin dynasty to the Qing dynasty (1636–1912).
References
- Hucker, Charles O. (1985). A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford University Press. p. 142.
  | This article related to the history of China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |