The four steam engines originally ordered for the ONCF in Morocco were procured in 1919 by Palatine Railways from the firm of Maffei. They stood out at that time because of their high boiler location and a high axle load. Two of these engines had steel fireboxes. As a result of their unusual design they could not be deployed with other engines which led, in 1924, to their early retirement, although they were incorporated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in their first renumbering plan in 1923, being provisionally allocated operating numbers 53501–504.[1]
Schnabel, Heinz (1987). Eisenbahn-Fahrzeug-Archiv Band 2.5: Lokomotiven bayerischer Eisenbahnen (in German). Düsseldorf: Alba Publikation Alf Teloeken GmbH + Co KG. pp.276–277, 386. ISBN3-87094-105-7.
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