Calvin Coolidge was the 30th president of the United States,serving from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from Massachusetts,he previously served as the 29th vice president from 1921 to 1923 under President Warren G. Harding,and as the 48th governor of Massachusetts from 1919 to 1921. Coolidge gained a reputation as a small-government conservative with a taciturn personality and dry sense of humor that earned him the nickname "Silent Cal".
The Kennedy family is an American political family that has long been prominent in American politics,public service,entertainment,and business. In 1884,35 years after the family's arrival from County Wexford,Ireland,Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy became the first Kennedy elected to public office,serving in the Massachusetts state legislature until 1895. At least one Kennedy family member served in federal elective office from 1947,when P. J. Kennedy's grandson John F. Kennedy became a member of Congress from Massachusetts,until 2011,when Patrick J. Kennedy II retired as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Rhode Island.
John Hancock was an American Founding Father,merchant,statesman,and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He was the longest-serving president of the Continental Congress,having served as the second president of the Second Continental Congress and the seventh president of the Congress of the Confederation. He was the first and third governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He is remembered for his large and stylish signature on the United States Declaration of Independence,so much so that in the United States,John Hancock or Hancock has become a colloquialism for a person's signature. He also signed the Articles of Confederation,and used his influence to ensure that Massachusetts ratified the United States Constitution in 1788.
Michael Stanley Dukakis is an American retired lawyer and politician who served as governor of Massachusetts from 1975 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1991. He is the longest-serving governor in Massachusetts history and only the second Greek-American governor in U.S. history,after Spiro Agnew. He was nominated by the Democratic Party for president in the 1988 election,losing to the Republican nominee,Vice President George H. W. Bush.
Shays's Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes on both individuals and their trades. The fighting took place in the areas around Springfield during 1786 and 1787. Historically,scholars have argued that the four thousand rebels,called Shaysites,who protested against economic and civil rights injustices by the Massachusetts Government were led by Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays. By the early 2020s,scholarship has suggested that Shays's role in the protests was significantly and strategically exaggerated by Massachusetts elites,who had a political interest in shifting blame for bad economic conditions away from themselves.
Horace Mann was an American educational reformer,slavery abolitionist and Whig politician known for his commitment to promoting public education,he is thus also known as The Father of American Education. In 1848,after public service as Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education,Mann was elected to the United States House of Representatives (1848–1853). From September 1852 to his death in 1859,he served as President of Antioch College.
King Philip's War was an armed conflict in 1675–1676 between a group of indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands against the English New England Colonies and their indigenous allies. The war is named for Metacom,the Pokanoket chief and sachem of the Wampanoag who adopted the English name Philip because of the friendly relations between his father Massasoit and the Plymouth Colony. The war continued in the most northern reaches of New England until the signing of the Treaty of Casco Bay on April 12,1678.
The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in New England which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7,1691,by William III and Mary II,the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of England,Scotland,and Ireland,and was based in the merging of several earlier British colonies in New England. The charter took effect on May 14,1692,and included the Massachusetts Bay Colony,the Plymouth Colony,the Province of Maine,Martha's Vineyard,Nantucket,Nova Scotia,and New Brunswick;the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the direct successor. Maine has been a separate state since 1820,and Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are now Canadian provinces,having been part of the colony only until 1697.
Massachusetts,officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Maine to its east,Connecticut and Rhode Island to its south,New Hampshire and Vermont to its north,and New York to its west. Massachusetts is the sixth-smallest state by land area. With over seven million residents as of 2020,it is the most populous state in New England,the 16th-most-populous in the country,and the third-most densely populated,after New Jersey and Rhode Island.
Louis Adams Frothingham was a United States representative from Massachusetts.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy,also known as JFK,was the 35th president of the United States,serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War,and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat,Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress prior to his presidency.
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts played a significant role in national events prior to and during the American Civil War (1861–1865). Massachusetts Republicans dominated the early antislavery movement during the 1830s,motivating activists across the nation. This,in turn,increased sectionalism in the North and South,one of the factors that led to the war. Politicians from Massachusetts,echoing the views of social activists,further increased national tensions. The state was dominated by the Republican Party and was also home to many Republican leaders who promoted harsh treatment of slave owners and,later,the former civilian leaders of the Confederate States of America and the military officers in the Confederate Army.
John Adams was an American Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency,he was a leader of the American Revolution that achieved independence from Great Britain. During the latter part of the Revolutionary War and in the early years of the new nation,he served the U.S. government as a senior diplomat in Europe. Adams was the first person to hold the office of vice president of the United States,serving from 1789 to 1797. He was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded with important contemporaries,including his wife and adviser Abigail Adams and his friend and political rival Thomas Jefferson.
Charles Quincy Tirrell was a lawyer,educator,and U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
William Croad Lovering was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
Samuel Adams was an American statesman,political philosopher,and a Founding Father of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts,a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution,a signatory of the Declaration of Independence and other founding documents,and one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to his fellow Founding Father,President John Adams.
Robert Francis Kennedy,also known as RFK,was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States attorney general from January 1961 to September 1964,and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968,when he was running for the Democratic presidential nomination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy,he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is considered an icon of modern American liberalism.
Joseph Patrick Kennedy III is an American politician and diplomat who has been the United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland since 2022. Prior to this,Kennedy served as the U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 4th congressional district from 2013 to 2021. A member of the Democratic Party,he represented a district that extends from Boston's western suburbs to the state's South Coast. He worked as an assistant district attorney in the Cape and Islands and Middlesex County,Massachusetts,offices before his election to Congress. In January 2021,he became a CNN commentator.
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts were held on Tuesday,November 4,2014,to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the election of Massachusetts' class II U.S. senator and other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections,including the governor of Massachusetts.
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts were held on November 8,2016,electing the nine U.S. representatives from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election,as well as other elections to the House of Representatives,elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on September 20. All incumbents were re-elected to office.
