Posteromedial central arteries

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Posteromedial central arteries
Circle of Willis en.svg
Details
Source Posterior cerebral artery,
Posterior communicating artery
Identifiers
Latin aa. centrales posteromediales
TA98 A12.2.07.084
TA2 4566
Anatomical terminology

The posteromedial central arteries or paramedian arteries [1] (also (also posteromedial perforating arteries, or posteromedial ganglionic arteries [2] ) are branches of the posterior cerebral artery, and posterior communicating artery. They entering the substance of the brain through the posterior perforated substance. They supply a large portion of the diencephalon as well as some subcortical telencephalic structures.

Contents

Anatomy

Origin

PMCAs arise from the proximal (pre-communicating (P1) [3] ) segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), [2] [4] [3] and along the entire length of [2] the posterior communicating artery [2] [5] [6] : 372  (though branches arising from the latter may be considered as a distinct anatomical entity [4] ). The PMCAs thus arise at and near the bifurcation of the basilar artery. [6] : 378  The PMCAs are the very first branches of the PCA. [6] : 377 

Course

PMCAs intermingle to form an extensive venous plexus in the interpeduncular fossa [7] before entering the substance of the brain through the posterior perforated substance, [4] [7] [3] then also passing through the posterior part of the internal capsule along their path. [8]

Distribution

The PMCAs supply a substantial part of the diencephalon. [4]

The PMCAs are distributed to:

Clinical significance

An embolus passing along a vertebral artery will typically continue into the basilar artery before finally lodging at the bifurcation of the basilar artery, thus bilaterally obstructing the PMCAs (as well as the superior cerebellar artery); such occlusion of the PMCAs will swiftly result in infarction of the reticular formation at the level of the mesencephalon-pons junction (resulting in coma) as well as destruction of the fibers of both oculomotor nerve (CN III) (resulting in divergence of both eyes, and fixed mydriasis). [6] : 377-378 

An embolism of a single PMCA at mesencephalic levels may result in a small infarction of the mesencephalon, causing Weber's syndrome. [6] : 378 

Uncal herniation can cause compression of the PMCAs, which may result in Duret haemorrhages.[ citation needed ]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Midbrain</span> Forward-most portion of the brainstem

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internal carotid artery</span> Artery supplying the brain

The internal carotid artery is an artery in the neck which supplies the anterior and middle cerebral circulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerebral aqueduct</span> Conduit for CSF to the brain

The cerebral aqueduct is a narrow conduit for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) connecting the third ventricle and fourth ventricle of the ventricular system of the brain. The cerebral aqueduct is a midline structure. It extends rostrocaudally through the entirety of the more dorsal/posterior part of the mesencephalon (midbrain). It is surrounded by a layer of gray matter called the periaqueductal gray.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anterior cerebral artery</span> Artery supplying the brain

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is one of a pair of cerebral arteries that supplies oxygenated blood to most midline portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes of the brain. The two anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the circle of Willis. The left and right anterior cerebral arteries are connected by the anterior communicating artery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subarachnoid cisterns</span> Spaces around the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid

The subarachnoid cisterns are spaces formed by openings in the subarachnoid space, an anatomic space in the meninges of the brain. The space is situated between the two meninges, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. These cisterns are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anterior choroidal artery</span>

The anterior choroidal artery is a bilaterally paired artery of the brain. It is typically a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies the choroid plexus of lateral ventricle and third ventricle as well as numerous structures of the brain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Posterior cerebral artery</span> Artery which supplies blood to the occipital lobe of the brain

The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of cerebral arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the occipital lobe, part of the back of the human brain. The two arteries originate from the distal end of the basilar artery, where it bifurcates into the left and right posterior cerebral arteries. These anastomose with the middle cerebral arteries and internal carotid arteries via the posterior communicating arteries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Posterior communicating artery</span> Arteries at the base of the brain that form part of the circle of Willis

In human anatomy, the left and right posterior communicating arteries are small arteries at the base of the brain that form part of the circle of Willis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerebral arteries</span> 3 main pairs of arteries which supply blood to the cerebrum of the brain

The cerebral arteries describe three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which perfuse the cerebrum of the brain. The three main arteries are the:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carotid canal</span>

The carotid canal is a passage in the petrous part of the temporal bone of the skull through which the internal carotid artery and its internal carotid (nervous) plexus pass from the neck into the cranial cavity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inferior cervical ganglion</span>

The inferior cervical ganglion is one of the three cervical sympathetic ganglia. It is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interpeduncular cistern</span> Subarachnoid cistern above and in front of the pons

The interpeduncular cistern is the subarachnoid cistern situated between the dorsum sellae (anteriorly) and the two cerebral peduncles of the mesencephalon (midbrain). Its roof is represented by the floor of the third ventricle. Its floor is formed by the arachnoid membrane extending between the temporal lobes of either side. Anteriorly, it extends to the optic chiasm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anterolateral central arteries</span>

The anterolateral central arteries or lenticulostriate arteries are a group of small arteries mostly arising from the middle cerebral artery that enter the brain through the anterior perforated substance to provide arterial supply to parts of the basal ganglia. They are end arteries.

The thalamogeniculate artery is either a single artery or group of smaller arteries arising from the posterior cerebral artery. It is part of the posterolateral central arteries. It supplies parts of the thalamus.

The cistern of lamina terminalis is one of the a subarachnoid cisterns. It is situated either superior to the lamina terminalis, or rostral/anterior to the lamina terminalis and anterior commissure between the two frontal lobes of the cerebrum. It is situated rostral/anterior to the third ventricle. The cistern is an extension of interpeduncular cistern. The cistern of lamina terminalis interconnects the chiasmatic cistern and pericallosal cistern.

Central arteries may refer to:

The thalamoperforating arteries are posteromedial central arteries which supply parts of the thalamus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anteromedial central arteries</span>

Anteromedial central arteries are arteries that arise from the anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery, and pass into the substance of the cerebral hemisphere through the the anterior perforated substance to supply the optic chiasm, hypothalamus, lamina terminalis, septum pellucidum, columns of fornix, rostrum of corpus callosum, putamen, head of caudate nucleus, and cingulate cortex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Posterolateral central arteries</span>

Posterolateral central arteries are arteries that arise from the posterior cerebral artery distal to its first - pre-communicating (P1) -segment.

References

  1. ↑ "Anatonomina". terminologia-anatomica.org. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York: Elsevier. p. 419. ISBN   978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC   1201341621.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "posteromedial central arteries of posterior cerebral artery - Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de Médecine". www.academie-medecine.fr. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Waschke, Jens; Böckers, Tobias M.; Paulsen, Friedrich; Arnold, Wolfgang; Bechmann, Ingo, eds. (2018). Sobotta Anatomy Textbook: English Edition with Latin Nomenclature (1st ed.). München: Elsevier. p. 622. ISBN   978-0-7020-6760-0.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "posteromedial central arteries of posterior communicating artery - Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de Médecine". www.academie-medecine.fr. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kiernan, John A.; Rajakumar, Nagalingam (2013). Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN   978-1-4511-7327-7.
  7. 1 2 Carpenter, Malcolm B. (1985). Core text of neuroanatomy (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. p. 409. ISBN   0683014552.
  8. ↑ Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). ISBN   978-0-7295-3752-0.


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